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Test and constitutive modelling of wire arc additively manufactured stainless steel
Abstract Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising metal 3D printing technology with high deposition efficiency and low cost, which makes it more applicable to the cost-sensitive construction industry. Although many studies have been carried out on the material properties of WAAM metals under monotonic loading, there are few studies on the constitutive model under cyclic behaviors. Therefore, this paper aims to study the mechanical behavior of WAAM austenitic stainless steel S30408 under monotonic and cyclic loadings, and propose a constitutive model to describe its cyclic response. A total of 36 coupons extracted at three different angles from WAAM plates were tested. Based on the results of the monotonic tensile tests and metallographic analysis, the mechanical properties anisotropy of WAAM austenitic stainless steel and effect of heat treatment on its ductility were reported. Based on the results of cyclic loading test, cyclic hardening was observed, and the existing isotropic/nonlinear-kinematic hardening model was employed to describe the cyclic plasticity behavior, which exhibited low accuracy. Subsequently, the evolutions of the peak stress, backstress, and yield surface radius with equivalent plastic strain in each cyclic loop were discussed. Finally, to accurately describe the cyclic hardening behavior of WAAM austenitic stainless steel, a constitutive model which considered the degradation of the Young's modulus, the hardening behavior of the backstress, and the strain memory effect of the yield surface radius was proposed and calibrated. Comparation with test results demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed model.
Highlights Cyclic loading tests of WAAM austenitic stainless steel were conducted. Effect of heat treatment and extraction angles on cyclic behaviors was discussed. A constitutive model was proposed to describe cyclic behaviors of WAAM metal.
Test and constitutive modelling of wire arc additively manufactured stainless steel
Abstract Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising metal 3D printing technology with high deposition efficiency and low cost, which makes it more applicable to the cost-sensitive construction industry. Although many studies have been carried out on the material properties of WAAM metals under monotonic loading, there are few studies on the constitutive model under cyclic behaviors. Therefore, this paper aims to study the mechanical behavior of WAAM austenitic stainless steel S30408 under monotonic and cyclic loadings, and propose a constitutive model to describe its cyclic response. A total of 36 coupons extracted at three different angles from WAAM plates were tested. Based on the results of the monotonic tensile tests and metallographic analysis, the mechanical properties anisotropy of WAAM austenitic stainless steel and effect of heat treatment on its ductility were reported. Based on the results of cyclic loading test, cyclic hardening was observed, and the existing isotropic/nonlinear-kinematic hardening model was employed to describe the cyclic plasticity behavior, which exhibited low accuracy. Subsequently, the evolutions of the peak stress, backstress, and yield surface radius with equivalent plastic strain in each cyclic loop were discussed. Finally, to accurately describe the cyclic hardening behavior of WAAM austenitic stainless steel, a constitutive model which considered the degradation of the Young's modulus, the hardening behavior of the backstress, and the strain memory effect of the yield surface radius was proposed and calibrated. Comparation with test results demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed model.
Highlights Cyclic loading tests of WAAM austenitic stainless steel were conducted. Effect of heat treatment and extraction angles on cyclic behaviors was discussed. A constitutive model was proposed to describe cyclic behaviors of WAAM metal.
Test and constitutive modelling of wire arc additively manufactured stainless steel
Zhang, Sibo (author) / Zheng, Baofeng (author) / Yao, Jianyu (author) / Shu, Ganping (author)
2024-01-10
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Experimentally-validated buckling behavior of wire-arc additively manufactured stainless steel bars
| Elsevier | 2025