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Enantioselective disposition and metabolic products of isofenphos-methyl in rats and the hepatotoxic effects
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Highlights ICPO could be accumulated in liver. The enantioselective metabolism mechanism IFP in liver were clarified. ICPO can be regarded as a candidate biomarker of IFP exposure in urine and blood. S-IFP exposure possess higher hepatotoxic effects than the racemic IFP and R-IFP.
Abstract Isofenphos-methyl (IFP), a chiral organophosphorus pesticide, is one of the main chemicals used to control underground insects and nematodes. Recently, the use of IFP on vegetables and fruits has been prohibited due to its high toxicity. In this study, we investigated the enantioselective distribution and metabolism of IFP and its metabolites, namely, isofenphos-methyl oxon (IFPO) and isocarbophos oxon (ICPO), in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Forty eight hours (48 h) after exposure, ICPO was the main detectable compound in blood (up to 75%) and urine (up to 77%), and we found that (S)-ICPO was significantly more stable than (R)-ICPO (p < 0.05). Therefore, (S)-ICPO was proposed as a suitable candidate biomarker for the biomonitoring of IFP in human urine and blood. After 48 h exposure, 21.2–41.0%, 4.1–15.1%, and 8.6–18.7% of dosed IFP was detected in the liver of racemic, R and S enantiomer-exposed rats, respectively, and R-IFP and R-IFPO showed a faster degradation (p < 0.05). Our results showed that after one week of consecutive exposure to IFP, ICPO was accumulated in the liver of rats in both racemic and enantiopure groups (no difference between the groups, p > 0.05). We found that cytochrome P450 (CYP) (i.e. CYP2C11, CYP2D2 and CYP3A2 enzymes and carboxylesterases) is responsible for the enantioselective metabolism of IFP in liver. In addition, rats exposed to (S)-IFP exhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation, liver inflammation and hepatic fibrosis. This study provides useful information and a reference for the biomonitoring and risk assessment of IFP and organophosphorus pesticide exposure.
Enantioselective disposition and metabolic products of isofenphos-methyl in rats and the hepatotoxic effects
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights ICPO could be accumulated in liver. The enantioselective metabolism mechanism IFP in liver were clarified. ICPO can be regarded as a candidate biomarker of IFP exposure in urine and blood. S-IFP exposure possess higher hepatotoxic effects than the racemic IFP and R-IFP.
Abstract Isofenphos-methyl (IFP), a chiral organophosphorus pesticide, is one of the main chemicals used to control underground insects and nematodes. Recently, the use of IFP on vegetables and fruits has been prohibited due to its high toxicity. In this study, we investigated the enantioselective distribution and metabolism of IFP and its metabolites, namely, isofenphos-methyl oxon (IFPO) and isocarbophos oxon (ICPO), in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Forty eight hours (48 h) after exposure, ICPO was the main detectable compound in blood (up to 75%) and urine (up to 77%), and we found that (S)-ICPO was significantly more stable than (R)-ICPO (p < 0.05). Therefore, (S)-ICPO was proposed as a suitable candidate biomarker for the biomonitoring of IFP in human urine and blood. After 48 h exposure, 21.2–41.0%, 4.1–15.1%, and 8.6–18.7% of dosed IFP was detected in the liver of racemic, R and S enantiomer-exposed rats, respectively, and R-IFP and R-IFPO showed a faster degradation (p < 0.05). Our results showed that after one week of consecutive exposure to IFP, ICPO was accumulated in the liver of rats in both racemic and enantiopure groups (no difference between the groups, p > 0.05). We found that cytochrome P450 (CYP) (i.e. CYP2C11, CYP2D2 and CYP3A2 enzymes and carboxylesterases) is responsible for the enantioselective metabolism of IFP in liver. In addition, rats exposed to (S)-IFP exhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation, liver inflammation and hepatic fibrosis. This study provides useful information and a reference for the biomonitoring and risk assessment of IFP and organophosphorus pesticide exposure.
Enantioselective disposition and metabolic products of isofenphos-methyl in rats and the hepatotoxic effects
Gao, Beibei (author) / Zhao, Shuangshuang (author) / Shi, Haiyan (author) / Zhang, Zhaoxian (author) / Li, Lianshan (author) / He, Zongzhe (author) / Wen, Yong (author) / Covaci, Adrian (author) / Wang, Minghua (author)
2020-06-30
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Isofenphos-methyl , Enantiomer , Metabolism , Biomonitoring , Hepatotoxic , IFP , isofenphos-methyl , IFPO , isofenphos-methyl oxon , ICPO , isocarbophos oxon , ICP , isocarbophos
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