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Indoor airflow and thermal comfort in a cross-ventilated building within an urban-like block array using large-eddy simulations
Abstract This study characterizes the indoor airflow and occupants’ thermal sensations in a cross-ventilated building model sheltered by generic cube arrays based on large-eddy simulations (LESs). Four ventilation models, which comprise different cross-ventilating openings, streamwise (STR) and lateral (LAT) windows, and block arrangements, lattice-type square (SQ) and staggered (ST) patterns, were examined to understand the following geometry-oriented features: i) the temporal and spatial deviations of wind speed at openings and inside the ventilation models, ii) effects of time and space resolutions for the velocity data on the estimation accuracy of the ventilation rate, and iii) predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) indices calculated with elaborately simulated velocity data. The difference in distribution of fluctuating normal velocity at openings was more significant when varying the conditions of the opening locations than that observed when varying the building arrangements. Therefore, the ventilation rates in the STR conditions were reasonably estimated using only the time-averaged flow rate at the center position of the windward opening; meanwhile, when the contributions of reverse flow were ignored at the openings, the ventilation rates in the LAT conditions were drastically underestimated using highly resolved velocity data at openings. Based on the thermal comfort assessment at an air temperature of 26°C, the discrepancies of area-averaged PMV values between STR and LAT cases were within 0.7 and 0.9 at the lower and middle heights of naturally ventilated buildings, resulting in a 5% difference in the PPD values.
Highlights Large-eddy simulations were conducted for cross-ventilating flow. Ventilation rates were estimated by airflow at different opening resolutions. The spatio-temporal fluctuations of airflow within a ventilation model were examined. High-resolution velocity data were used to assess indoor thermal environment.
Indoor airflow and thermal comfort in a cross-ventilated building within an urban-like block array using large-eddy simulations
Abstract This study characterizes the indoor airflow and occupants’ thermal sensations in a cross-ventilated building model sheltered by generic cube arrays based on large-eddy simulations (LESs). Four ventilation models, which comprise different cross-ventilating openings, streamwise (STR) and lateral (LAT) windows, and block arrangements, lattice-type square (SQ) and staggered (ST) patterns, were examined to understand the following geometry-oriented features: i) the temporal and spatial deviations of wind speed at openings and inside the ventilation models, ii) effects of time and space resolutions for the velocity data on the estimation accuracy of the ventilation rate, and iii) predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) indices calculated with elaborately simulated velocity data. The difference in distribution of fluctuating normal velocity at openings was more significant when varying the conditions of the opening locations than that observed when varying the building arrangements. Therefore, the ventilation rates in the STR conditions were reasonably estimated using only the time-averaged flow rate at the center position of the windward opening; meanwhile, when the contributions of reverse flow were ignored at the openings, the ventilation rates in the LAT conditions were drastically underestimated using highly resolved velocity data at openings. Based on the thermal comfort assessment at an air temperature of 26°C, the discrepancies of area-averaged PMV values between STR and LAT cases were within 0.7 and 0.9 at the lower and middle heights of naturally ventilated buildings, resulting in a 5% difference in the PPD values.
Highlights Large-eddy simulations were conducted for cross-ventilating flow. Ventilation rates were estimated by airflow at different opening resolutions. The spatio-temporal fluctuations of airflow within a ventilation model were examined. High-resolution velocity data were used to assess indoor thermal environment.
Indoor airflow and thermal comfort in a cross-ventilated building within an urban-like block array using large-eddy simulations
Hirose, C. (author) / Ikegaya, N. (author) / Hagishima, A. (author) / Tanimoto, J. (author)
Building and Environment ; 196
2021-03-15
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Cross-ventilation , Ventilation rate , Indoor thermal comfort , Indoor flow distribution , Sheltered condition , Large-eddy simulation , large-eddy simulation , (LES) , streamwise , (STR) , lateral , (LAT) , square , (SQ) , staggered , (ST) , predicted mean vote , (PMV) , predicted percentage of dissatisfied , (PPD) , wind tunnel experiment , (WTE) , computational fluid dynamics , (CFD) , particle image velocimetry , (PIV) , sub-grid scale , (SGS) , pressure implicit with splitting operators , (PISO) , American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers , (ASHRAE)
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