A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Temporal trends and predictors of phthalate, phthalate replacement, and phenol biomarkers in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-3570
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4321-8355
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-5085
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3706-9584
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Biomarkers of phthalates and most phenols decreased from 2007 to 2018. Biomarkers of phthalate replacements and bisphenol S increased from 2007 to 2018. Model-based clustering identified groups with unique exposure profiles. Composition of exposure profiles changed from 2007 to 2018.
Abstract Background Exposure to many phthalates and phenols is declining as replacements are introduced. There is little information on temporal trends or predictors of exposure to these newer compounds, such as phthalate replacements, especially among pregnant populations. Objective Examine temporal trends and predictors of exposure to phthalates, phthalate replacements, and phenols using single- and multi-pollutant approaches. Methods We analyzed data from 900 singleton pregnancies in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study, a nested case-cohort with recruitment from 2007 to 2018. We measured and averaged concentrations of 12 phthalate metabolites, four phthalate replacement metabolites, and 12 phenols in urine at three timepoints during pregnancy. We visualized and analyzed temporal trends and predictors of biomarker concentrations. To examine chemical mixtures, we derived clusters of individuals with shared exposure profiles using a finite mixture model and examined temporal trends and predictors of cluster assignment. Results Exposure to phthalates and most phenols declined across the study period, while exposure to phthalate replacements (i.e., di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester [DINCH] and di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate [DEHTP]) and bisphenol S (BPS) increased. For example, the sum of DEHTP biomarkers increased multiple orders of magnitude, with an average concentration of 0.92 ng/mL from 2007 to 2008 and 61.9 ng/mL in 2017–2018. Biomarkers of most chemical exposures varied across sociodemographic characteristics, with the highest concentrations observed in non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic participants relative to non-Hispanic White participants. We identified five clusters with shared exposure profiles and observed temporal trends in cluster membership. For example, at the end of the study period, a cluster characterized by high exposure to phthalate replacements was the most prevalent. Significance In a large and well-characterized pregnancy cohort, we observed exposure to phthalate replacements and BPS increased over time while exposure to phthalates and other phenols decreased. Our results highlight the changing nature of exposure to consumer product chemical mixtures.
Temporal trends and predictors of phthalate, phthalate replacement, and phenol biomarkers in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-3570
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4321-8355
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-5085
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3706-9584
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Biomarkers of phthalates and most phenols decreased from 2007 to 2018. Biomarkers of phthalate replacements and bisphenol S increased from 2007 to 2018. Model-based clustering identified groups with unique exposure profiles. Composition of exposure profiles changed from 2007 to 2018.
Abstract Background Exposure to many phthalates and phenols is declining as replacements are introduced. There is little information on temporal trends or predictors of exposure to these newer compounds, such as phthalate replacements, especially among pregnant populations. Objective Examine temporal trends and predictors of exposure to phthalates, phthalate replacements, and phenols using single- and multi-pollutant approaches. Methods We analyzed data from 900 singleton pregnancies in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study, a nested case-cohort with recruitment from 2007 to 2018. We measured and averaged concentrations of 12 phthalate metabolites, four phthalate replacement metabolites, and 12 phenols in urine at three timepoints during pregnancy. We visualized and analyzed temporal trends and predictors of biomarker concentrations. To examine chemical mixtures, we derived clusters of individuals with shared exposure profiles using a finite mixture model and examined temporal trends and predictors of cluster assignment. Results Exposure to phthalates and most phenols declined across the study period, while exposure to phthalate replacements (i.e., di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester [DINCH] and di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate [DEHTP]) and bisphenol S (BPS) increased. For example, the sum of DEHTP biomarkers increased multiple orders of magnitude, with an average concentration of 0.92 ng/mL from 2007 to 2008 and 61.9 ng/mL in 2017–2018. Biomarkers of most chemical exposures varied across sociodemographic characteristics, with the highest concentrations observed in non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic participants relative to non-Hispanic White participants. We identified five clusters with shared exposure profiles and observed temporal trends in cluster membership. For example, at the end of the study period, a cluster characterized by high exposure to phthalate replacements was the most prevalent. Significance In a large and well-characterized pregnancy cohort, we observed exposure to phthalate replacements and BPS increased over time while exposure to phthalates and other phenols decreased. Our results highlight the changing nature of exposure to consumer product chemical mixtures.
Temporal trends and predictors of phthalate, phthalate replacement, and phenol biomarkers in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-3570
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4321-8355
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-5085
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3706-9584
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Biomarkers of phthalates and most phenols decreased from 2007 to 2018. Biomarkers of phthalate replacements and bisphenol S increased from 2007 to 2018. Model-based clustering identified groups with unique exposure profiles. Composition of exposure profiles changed from 2007 to 2018.
Abstract Background Exposure to many phthalates and phenols is declining as replacements are introduced. There is little information on temporal trends or predictors of exposure to these newer compounds, such as phthalate replacements, especially among pregnant populations. Objective Examine temporal trends and predictors of exposure to phthalates, phthalate replacements, and phenols using single- and multi-pollutant approaches. Methods We analyzed data from 900 singleton pregnancies in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study, a nested case-cohort with recruitment from 2007 to 2018. We measured and averaged concentrations of 12 phthalate metabolites, four phthalate replacement metabolites, and 12 phenols in urine at three timepoints during pregnancy. We visualized and analyzed temporal trends and predictors of biomarker concentrations. To examine chemical mixtures, we derived clusters of individuals with shared exposure profiles using a finite mixture model and examined temporal trends and predictors of cluster assignment. Results Exposure to phthalates and most phenols declined across the study period, while exposure to phthalate replacements (i.e., di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester [DINCH] and di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate [DEHTP]) and bisphenol S (BPS) increased. For example, the sum of DEHTP biomarkers increased multiple orders of magnitude, with an average concentration of 0.92 ng/mL from 2007 to 2008 and 61.9 ng/mL in 2017–2018. Biomarkers of most chemical exposures varied across sociodemographic characteristics, with the highest concentrations observed in non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic participants relative to non-Hispanic White participants. We identified five clusters with shared exposure profiles and observed temporal trends in cluster membership. For example, at the end of the study period, a cluster characterized by high exposure to phthalate replacements was the most prevalent. Significance In a large and well-characterized pregnancy cohort, we observed exposure to phthalate replacements and BPS increased over time while exposure to phthalates and other phenols decreased. Our results highlight the changing nature of exposure to consumer product chemical mixtures.
Temporal trends and predictors of phthalate, phthalate replacement, and phenol biomarkers in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study
Bommarito, P.A. (author) / Stevens, D.R. (author) / Welch, B.M. (author) / Weller, D. (author) / Meeker, J.D. (author) / Cantonwine, D.E. (author) / McElrath, T.F. (author) / Ferguson, K.K. (author)
2023-03-21
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Chemical mixtures , Phthalate , Phthalate replacement , Phenols , 2,4-DCP , 2,4-dichlorophenol , 2,5-DCP , 2,5-dichlorophenol , ART , Assisted reproductive technologies , AGA , Appropriate-for-gestational age , AIC , Akaike Information Criterion , BIC , Bayesian Information Criterion , BF , Bayes Factor , BMI , Body mass index , BP3 , Benzophenone-3 , BPA , Bisphenol A , BPB , Benzyl paraben , BPF , Bisphenol F , BPS , Bisphenol S , CDC , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , CI , Confidence interval , Cr , Creatinine , DEHP , Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate , DEHTP , Di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate , DINCH , Di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate , ECHO , Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes , GM , Geometric mean , HMW , High molecular weight , I-KIDS , Illinois Kids Development Study , IQR , Interquartile range , LCA , Latent class analysis , LGA , Large-for-gestational age , LMW , Low molecular weight , LOD , Limit of detection , LPA , Latent profile analysis , MBP , Mono-n-butyl phthalate , MBzP , Mono-benzyl phthalate , MCOCH , Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-monocarboxy isooctyl ester , MECPP , Mono-(-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate , MECPTP , Mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl terephthalate , MEHP , Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate , MEHHP , Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate , MEHHTP , Mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl terephthalate , MEOHP , Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate , MEP , Mono-ethyl phthalate , MHiNCH , Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid mono(hydroxy-isononyl) ester , MiBP , Mono-isobutyl phthalate , MICE , Multiple imputation by chained equation , MCPP , Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate , MCOP , Mono-(carboxyoctyl) phthalate , MCNP , Mono-(carboxynonyl) phthalate , MNP , Mono-isononyl phthalate , MPB , Methyl paraben , NH , non-Hispanic , NHANES , National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , PCP , Personal care product , PPB , Propyl paraben , PROTECT , Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats , SG , Specific gravity , SGA , Small-for-gestational age , TCS , Triclosan , TCB , Triclocarban , TIDES , The Infant Development and Environment Study