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On-board measurements of emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles in three mega-cities of China
Abstract This paper is the second in a series of three papers aimed at understanding the emissions of vehicles in China by conducting on-board emission measurements. This paper focuses on light-duty gasoline vehicles. In this study, we measured 57 light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) in three Chinese mega-cites (Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen), covering Euro 0 through Euro IV technologies, and generated CO, HC, and NOx emission factors and deterioration rates for each vehicle technology. The results show that the vehicle emission standards have played a significant role in reducing vehicle emission levels in China. The vehicle emission factors are reduced by 47–81%, 53–64%, 46–71%, and 78–82% for each phase from Euro I to Euro IV. Euro 0 vehicles have a considerably high emission level, which is hundreds of times larger than that of Euro IV vehicles. Three old taxis and four other Euro I and Euro II LDGVs are also identified as super emitters with equivalent emission levels to Euro 0 vehicles. Of the measured fleet, 23% super emitters were estimated to contribute 50–80% to total emissions. Besides vehicle emission standards, measures for restricting super emitters are equally important to reduce vehicle emissions. This study is intended to improve the understanding of the vehicle emission levels in China, but some key issues such as emission deterioration rates are yet to be addressed with the presence of a sufficient amount of vehicle emission measurements.
Highlights ► 57 gasoline cars covering from Euro 0 to IV were measured in three Chinese cities. ► Emission factors drop by >47%, >53%, >46%, and >78% for each phase from Euro I to IV. ► Deterioration rates (DRs) of the test fleet are 5–60% lower than the U.S. EPA data. ► 23% super emitters can contribute 50–80% to total emissions from the measured fleet. ► Extensive tests are needed in future for reliable emission factors and DRs for China.
On-board measurements of emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles in three mega-cities of China
Abstract This paper is the second in a series of three papers aimed at understanding the emissions of vehicles in China by conducting on-board emission measurements. This paper focuses on light-duty gasoline vehicles. In this study, we measured 57 light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) in three Chinese mega-cites (Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen), covering Euro 0 through Euro IV technologies, and generated CO, HC, and NOx emission factors and deterioration rates for each vehicle technology. The results show that the vehicle emission standards have played a significant role in reducing vehicle emission levels in China. The vehicle emission factors are reduced by 47–81%, 53–64%, 46–71%, and 78–82% for each phase from Euro I to Euro IV. Euro 0 vehicles have a considerably high emission level, which is hundreds of times larger than that of Euro IV vehicles. Three old taxis and four other Euro I and Euro II LDGVs are also identified as super emitters with equivalent emission levels to Euro 0 vehicles. Of the measured fleet, 23% super emitters were estimated to contribute 50–80% to total emissions. Besides vehicle emission standards, measures for restricting super emitters are equally important to reduce vehicle emissions. This study is intended to improve the understanding of the vehicle emission levels in China, but some key issues such as emission deterioration rates are yet to be addressed with the presence of a sufficient amount of vehicle emission measurements.
Highlights ► 57 gasoline cars covering from Euro 0 to IV were measured in three Chinese cities. ► Emission factors drop by >47%, >53%, >46%, and >78% for each phase from Euro I to IV. ► Deterioration rates (DRs) of the test fleet are 5–60% lower than the U.S. EPA data. ► 23% super emitters can contribute 50–80% to total emissions from the measured fleet. ► Extensive tests are needed in future for reliable emission factors and DRs for China.
On-board measurements of emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles in three mega-cities of China
Huo, Hong (author) / Yao, Zhiliang (author) / Zhang, Yingzhi (author) / Shen, Xianbao (author) / Zhang, Qiang (author) / Ding, Yan (author) / He, Kebin (author)
Atmospheric Environment ; 49 ; 371-377
2011-11-02
7 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
| Taylor & Francis Verlag | 2007