Ultrafine particles near a major roadway in Raleigh, North Carolina: Downwind attenuation and correlation with traffic-related pollutants: Fid-Bau Portal

Ultrafine particles near a major roadway in Raleigh, North Carolina: Downwind attenuation and correlation with traffic-related pollutants

Hagler, G.S.W. / Baldauf, R.W. / Thoma, E.D. / Long, T.R. / Snow, R.F. / Kinsey, J.S. / Oudejans, L. / Gullett, B.K.

Abstract

AbstractUltrafine particles (UFPs, diameter<100nm) and co-emitted pollutants from traffic are a potential health threat to nearby populations. During summertime in Raleigh, North Carolina, UFPs were simultaneously measured upwind and downwind of a major roadway using a spatial matrix of five portable industrial hygiene samplers (measuring total counts of 20–1000nm particles). While the upper sampling range of the portable samplers extends past the defined “ultrafine” upper limit (100nm), the 20–1000nm number counts had high correlation (Pearson R=0.7–0.9) with UFPs (10–70nm) measured by a co-located research-grade analyzer and thus appear to be driven by the ultrafine range. Highest UFP concentrations were observed during weekday morning work commutes, with levels at 20m downwind from the road nearly fivefold higher than at an upwind station. A strong downwind spatial gradient was observed, linearly approximated over the first 100m as an 8% drop in UFP counts per 10m distance. This result agreed well with UFP spatial gradients estimated from past studies (ranging 5–12% drop per 10m). Linear regression of other vehicle-related air pollutants measured in near real-time (10-min averages) against UFPs yielded moderate to high correlation with benzene (R²=0.76), toluene (R²=0.49), carbon monoxide (R²=0.74), nitric oxide (R²=0.80), and black carbon (R²=0.65). Overall, these results support the notion that near-road levels of UFPs are heavily influenced by traffic emissions and correlate with other vehicle-produced pollutants, including certain air toxics.