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Phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in Swedish preschool dust in relation to children's exposure
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-0289
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-2345
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-5854
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4241-4706
AbstractChildren are exposed to a wide range of chemicals in their everyday environments, including the preschool. In this study, we evaluated the levels of phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in dust from 100 Swedish preschools and identified important exposure factors in the indoor environment. In addition, children's total exposure to these chemicals was determined by urine analysis to investigate their relation with dust exposure, and to explore the time trends by comparing with children who provided urine fifteen years earlier. The most abundant plasticizers in preschool dust were the phthalates di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) with geometric mean levels of 450 and 266μg/g dust, respectively, and the non-phthalate plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) and diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DiNCH) found at 105 and 73μg/g dust, respectively. The levels of several substitute plasticizers were higher in newer preschools, whereas the levels of the strictly regulated phthalate di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) were higher in older preschools. The presence of foam mattresses and PVC flooring in the sampling room were associated with higher levels of DiNP in dust. Children's exposure from preschool dust ingestion was below established health based reference values and the estimated exposure to different phthalates and BPA via preschool dust ingestion accounted for 2–27% of the total exposure. We found significantly lower urinary levels of BPA and metabolites of strictly regulated phthalates, but higher levels of DiNP metabolites, in urine from the children in this study compared to the children who provided urine samples fifteen years earlier.
HighlightsPhthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols analyzed in preschool dustBuilding year of the preschool is important for plasticizer concentrations in dust.Foam mattresses and PVC flooring associated with higher levels of DiNP in dustNegative time trends for children's urinary levels of now banned phthalates and BPA
Phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in Swedish preschool dust in relation to children's exposure
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-0289
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-2345
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-5854
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4241-4706
AbstractChildren are exposed to a wide range of chemicals in their everyday environments, including the preschool. In this study, we evaluated the levels of phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in dust from 100 Swedish preschools and identified important exposure factors in the indoor environment. In addition, children's total exposure to these chemicals was determined by urine analysis to investigate their relation with dust exposure, and to explore the time trends by comparing with children who provided urine fifteen years earlier. The most abundant plasticizers in preschool dust were the phthalates di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) with geometric mean levels of 450 and 266μg/g dust, respectively, and the non-phthalate plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) and diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DiNCH) found at 105 and 73μg/g dust, respectively. The levels of several substitute plasticizers were higher in newer preschools, whereas the levels of the strictly regulated phthalate di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) were higher in older preschools. The presence of foam mattresses and PVC flooring in the sampling room were associated with higher levels of DiNP in dust. Children's exposure from preschool dust ingestion was below established health based reference values and the estimated exposure to different phthalates and BPA via preschool dust ingestion accounted for 2–27% of the total exposure. We found significantly lower urinary levels of BPA and metabolites of strictly regulated phthalates, but higher levels of DiNP metabolites, in urine from the children in this study compared to the children who provided urine samples fifteen years earlier.
HighlightsPhthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols analyzed in preschool dustBuilding year of the preschool is important for plasticizer concentrations in dust.Foam mattresses and PVC flooring associated with higher levels of DiNP in dustNegative time trends for children's urinary levels of now banned phthalates and BPA
Phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in Swedish preschool dust in relation to children's exposure
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-0289
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-2345
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-5854
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4241-4706
AbstractChildren are exposed to a wide range of chemicals in their everyday environments, including the preschool. In this study, we evaluated the levels of phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in dust from 100 Swedish preschools and identified important exposure factors in the indoor environment. In addition, children's total exposure to these chemicals was determined by urine analysis to investigate their relation with dust exposure, and to explore the time trends by comparing with children who provided urine fifteen years earlier. The most abundant plasticizers in preschool dust were the phthalates di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) with geometric mean levels of 450 and 266μg/g dust, respectively, and the non-phthalate plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) and diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DiNCH) found at 105 and 73μg/g dust, respectively. The levels of several substitute plasticizers were higher in newer preschools, whereas the levels of the strictly regulated phthalate di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) were higher in older preschools. The presence of foam mattresses and PVC flooring in the sampling room were associated with higher levels of DiNP in dust. Children's exposure from preschool dust ingestion was below established health based reference values and the estimated exposure to different phthalates and BPA via preschool dust ingestion accounted for 2–27% of the total exposure. We found significantly lower urinary levels of BPA and metabolites of strictly regulated phthalates, but higher levels of DiNP metabolites, in urine from the children in this study compared to the children who provided urine samples fifteen years earlier.
HighlightsPhthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols analyzed in preschool dustBuilding year of the preschool is important for plasticizer concentrations in dust.Foam mattresses and PVC flooring associated with higher levels of DiNP in dustNegative time trends for children's urinary levels of now banned phthalates and BPA
Phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in Swedish preschool dust in relation to children's exposure
Larsson, Kristin (author) / Lindh, Christian H (author) / Jönsson, Bo AG (author) / Giovanoulis, Georgios (author) / Bibi, Momina (author) / Bottai, Matteo (author) / Bergström, Anna (author) / Berglund, Marika (author)
Environmental International ; 102 ; 114-124
2017-02-14
11 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
ATBC , tributyl <italic>O</italic>-acetylcitrate , BBzP , butylbenzyl phthalate , BPA , 4,4″-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol , BPAF , 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol , BPF , 4,4′-methylenediphenol , BPS , 4,4″-sulfonyldiphenol , DEHA , bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate , DEHP , di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate , DEHT , bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate , DEP , diethyl phthalate , DiBP , diisobutyl phthalate , DiDP , diisodecyl phthalate , DiNCH , diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate , DiNP , di-isononyl phthalate , DMP , dimethyl phthalate , DnBP , di-n-butyl phthalate , DPHP , di(2-propyl heptyl) phthalate , MBzP , monobenzyl phthalate , MCiNP , monocarboxyisononyl phthalate , MCiOP , mono(carboxyisooctyl) phthalate , MCMHP , Mono[2-(carboxymethyl)hexyl] phthalate , MECPP , mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate , MEHHP , mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxylhexyl) phthalate , MEHP , mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate , MEOHP , mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate , MEP , monoethyl phthalate , MHiDP , monohydroxyisodecyl phthalate , MHiNP , mono(hydroxyisononyl) phthalate , MnBP , monobutyl phthalate , MOiNCH , 2-4-methyl-7-oxyooctyl-oxycarbonyl-cyclohexane carboxylic acid , MOiNP , mono(oxoisononyl) phthalate , Dust , Preschool , Exposure assessment , Plasticizer , Phthalate , Bisphenol A
Children's exposure to phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in the home: The TESIE study
| DOAJ | 2019