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Identification of source contributions to fine particulate matter at Indian desert-urban mixed region
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-2827
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3518-7170
Abstract This study aims to identify the source contributions based on the chemical composition in a desert-urban location at Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. USEPA-PMF5.0 was run and the analysis resolved eight factors which represents eight sources identified by their chemical profiles together with tracer species. The sources resolved were: Secondary sulphate (25.2%), resuspended dust (23.6%), residential cookstove (13.4%), smelter and non-tail-pipe emissions (11.3%), vehicular emissions (10.8%), lake and sea salt (8.5%), secondary nitrate (4.8%), and brick kilns (2.2%). Winter and post-monsoon PM concentrations in the region were majorly regulated by secondary sulphate and residential cookstove emissions, contributing to 22% and 22–27%, respectively. Dust storms prevalent in the region during pre-monsoon and monsoon resulted in higher resuspended dust contribution (30–43%) from crustal sources during these seasons. Salt lakes in the region influenced the fine PM mass with its effect aggravated during the monsoon by the sea-salts from the Arabian Sea. The fine PM mass was impacted by salt lakes in the area, which is exacerbated during the monsoon by sea-salts from the Arabian Sea. Smelters, non-tailpipe emissions, and vehicular emissions were substantial contributors to moderately polluted to poor conditions (PM2.5 loadings >60 μg m−3). Furthermore, highest PM2.5 concentrations (>90 μg m−3) marking the very poor conditions in the region were attributed to residential cookstove emissions and secondary sulphate. While vehicular emissions were found to be primarily from local sources, numerous smelters from northern states had potential influence on PM mass. The prominent seasonality in the source contributions observed in this study is particularly suggestive of substantial influence of meteorology on PM concentrations in the region.
Highlights PM2.5 was apportioned into eight factors at desert-urban region of India using USEPA-PMF5.0. Sum of resuspended dust and secondary sulphate contributed to ∼50% of the PM2.5 mass. Resuspended dust and secondary sulphate had low impact on pollution load. Poor to very poor air quality was influenced by vehicular emissions and smelters. Good to satisfactory air quality during pre-monsoon and monsoon owing to meteorology.
Identification of source contributions to fine particulate matter at Indian desert-urban mixed region
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-2827
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3518-7170
Abstract This study aims to identify the source contributions based on the chemical composition in a desert-urban location at Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. USEPA-PMF5.0 was run and the analysis resolved eight factors which represents eight sources identified by their chemical profiles together with tracer species. The sources resolved were: Secondary sulphate (25.2%), resuspended dust (23.6%), residential cookstove (13.4%), smelter and non-tail-pipe emissions (11.3%), vehicular emissions (10.8%), lake and sea salt (8.5%), secondary nitrate (4.8%), and brick kilns (2.2%). Winter and post-monsoon PM concentrations in the region were majorly regulated by secondary sulphate and residential cookstove emissions, contributing to 22% and 22–27%, respectively. Dust storms prevalent in the region during pre-monsoon and monsoon resulted in higher resuspended dust contribution (30–43%) from crustal sources during these seasons. Salt lakes in the region influenced the fine PM mass with its effect aggravated during the monsoon by the sea-salts from the Arabian Sea. The fine PM mass was impacted by salt lakes in the area, which is exacerbated during the monsoon by sea-salts from the Arabian Sea. Smelters, non-tailpipe emissions, and vehicular emissions were substantial contributors to moderately polluted to poor conditions (PM2.5 loadings >60 μg m−3). Furthermore, highest PM2.5 concentrations (>90 μg m−3) marking the very poor conditions in the region were attributed to residential cookstove emissions and secondary sulphate. While vehicular emissions were found to be primarily from local sources, numerous smelters from northern states had potential influence on PM mass. The prominent seasonality in the source contributions observed in this study is particularly suggestive of substantial influence of meteorology on PM concentrations in the region.
Highlights PM2.5 was apportioned into eight factors at desert-urban region of India using USEPA-PMF5.0. Sum of resuspended dust and secondary sulphate contributed to ∼50% of the PM2.5 mass. Resuspended dust and secondary sulphate had low impact on pollution load. Poor to very poor air quality was influenced by vehicular emissions and smelters. Good to satisfactory air quality during pre-monsoon and monsoon owing to meteorology.
Identification of source contributions to fine particulate matter at Indian desert-urban mixed region
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-2827
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3518-7170
Abstract This study aims to identify the source contributions based on the chemical composition in a desert-urban location at Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. USEPA-PMF5.0 was run and the analysis resolved eight factors which represents eight sources identified by their chemical profiles together with tracer species. The sources resolved were: Secondary sulphate (25.2%), resuspended dust (23.6%), residential cookstove (13.4%), smelter and non-tail-pipe emissions (11.3%), vehicular emissions (10.8%), lake and sea salt (8.5%), secondary nitrate (4.8%), and brick kilns (2.2%). Winter and post-monsoon PM concentrations in the region were majorly regulated by secondary sulphate and residential cookstove emissions, contributing to 22% and 22–27%, respectively. Dust storms prevalent in the region during pre-monsoon and monsoon resulted in higher resuspended dust contribution (30–43%) from crustal sources during these seasons. Salt lakes in the region influenced the fine PM mass with its effect aggravated during the monsoon by the sea-salts from the Arabian Sea. The fine PM mass was impacted by salt lakes in the area, which is exacerbated during the monsoon by sea-salts from the Arabian Sea. Smelters, non-tailpipe emissions, and vehicular emissions were substantial contributors to moderately polluted to poor conditions (PM2.5 loadings >60 μg m−3). Furthermore, highest PM2.5 concentrations (>90 μg m−3) marking the very poor conditions in the region were attributed to residential cookstove emissions and secondary sulphate. While vehicular emissions were found to be primarily from local sources, numerous smelters from northern states had potential influence on PM mass. The prominent seasonality in the source contributions observed in this study is particularly suggestive of substantial influence of meteorology on PM concentrations in the region.
Highlights PM2.5 was apportioned into eight factors at desert-urban region of India using USEPA-PMF5.0. Sum of resuspended dust and secondary sulphate contributed to ∼50% of the PM2.5 mass. Resuspended dust and secondary sulphate had low impact on pollution load. Poor to very poor air quality was influenced by vehicular emissions and smelters. Good to satisfactory air quality during pre-monsoon and monsoon owing to meteorology.
Identification of source contributions to fine particulate matter at Indian desert-urban mixed region
Roy, Sayantee (author) / Habib, Gazala (author) / Raman, Ramya Sunder (author)
Atmospheric Environment ; 320
2023-12-12
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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