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A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Associations of wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposure with cardiorespiratory events in Colorado 2011–2014
Abstract Background Substantial increases in wildfire activity have been recorded in recent decades. Wildfires influence the chemical composition and concentration of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). However, relatively few epidemiologic studies focus on the health impacts of wildfire smoke PM2.5 compared with the number of studies focusing on total PM2.5 exposure. Objectives We estimated the associations between cardiorespiratory acute events and exposure to smoke PM2.5 in Colorado using a novel exposure model to separate smoke PM2.5 from background ambient PM2.5 levels. Methods We obtained emergency department visits and hospitalizations for acute cardiorespiratory outcomes from Colorado for May–August 2011–2014, geocoded to a 4 km geographic grid. Combining ground measurements, chemical transport models, and remote sensing data, we estimated smoke PM2.5 and non-smoke PM2.5 on a 1 km spatial grid and aggregated to match the resolution of the health data. Time-stratified, case-crossover models were fit using conditional logistic regression to estimate associations between fire smoke PM2.5 and non-smoke PM2.5 for overall and age-stratified outcomes using 2-day averaging windows for cardiovascular disease and 3-day windows for respiratory disease. Results Per 1 μg/m3 increase in fire smoke PM2.5, statistically significant associations were observed for asthma (OR = 1.081 (1.058, 1.105)) and combined respiratory disease (OR = 1.021 (1.012, 1.031)). No significant relationships were evident for cardiovascular diseases and smoke PM2.5. Associations with non-smoke PM2.5 were null for all outcomes. Positive age-specific associations related to smoke PM2.5 were observed for asthma and combined respiratory disease in children, and for asthma, bronchitis, COPD, and combined respiratory disease in adults. No significant associations were found in older adults. Discussion This is the first multi-year, high-resolution epidemiologic study to incorporate statistical and chemical transport modeling methods to estimate PM2.5 exposure due to wildfires. Our results allow for a more precise assessment of the population health impact of wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure in a changing climate.
Highlights Wildfire PM2.5 associated with asthma and combined respiratory diseases Children displayed significant associations between smoke exposure and asthma. Wildfire PM2.5 associated with asthma, bronchitis, combined respiratory in adults Older adults did not exhibit associations with examined respiratory outcomes. Cardiovascular outcomes not associated in grouped or stratified analysis
Associations of wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposure with cardiorespiratory events in Colorado 2011–2014
Abstract Background Substantial increases in wildfire activity have been recorded in recent decades. Wildfires influence the chemical composition and concentration of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). However, relatively few epidemiologic studies focus on the health impacts of wildfire smoke PM2.5 compared with the number of studies focusing on total PM2.5 exposure. Objectives We estimated the associations between cardiorespiratory acute events and exposure to smoke PM2.5 in Colorado using a novel exposure model to separate smoke PM2.5 from background ambient PM2.5 levels. Methods We obtained emergency department visits and hospitalizations for acute cardiorespiratory outcomes from Colorado for May–August 2011–2014, geocoded to a 4 km geographic grid. Combining ground measurements, chemical transport models, and remote sensing data, we estimated smoke PM2.5 and non-smoke PM2.5 on a 1 km spatial grid and aggregated to match the resolution of the health data. Time-stratified, case-crossover models were fit using conditional logistic regression to estimate associations between fire smoke PM2.5 and non-smoke PM2.5 for overall and age-stratified outcomes using 2-day averaging windows for cardiovascular disease and 3-day windows for respiratory disease. Results Per 1 μg/m3 increase in fire smoke PM2.5, statistically significant associations were observed for asthma (OR = 1.081 (1.058, 1.105)) and combined respiratory disease (OR = 1.021 (1.012, 1.031)). No significant relationships were evident for cardiovascular diseases and smoke PM2.5. Associations with non-smoke PM2.5 were null for all outcomes. Positive age-specific associations related to smoke PM2.5 were observed for asthma and combined respiratory disease in children, and for asthma, bronchitis, COPD, and combined respiratory disease in adults. No significant associations were found in older adults. Discussion This is the first multi-year, high-resolution epidemiologic study to incorporate statistical and chemical transport modeling methods to estimate PM2.5 exposure due to wildfires. Our results allow for a more precise assessment of the population health impact of wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure in a changing climate.
Highlights Wildfire PM2.5 associated with asthma and combined respiratory diseases Children displayed significant associations between smoke exposure and asthma. Wildfire PM2.5 associated with asthma, bronchitis, combined respiratory in adults Older adults did not exhibit associations with examined respiratory outcomes. Cardiovascular outcomes not associated in grouped or stratified analysis
Associations of wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposure with cardiorespiratory events in Colorado 2011–2014
Stowell, Jennifer D. (author) / Geng, Guannan (author) / Saikawa, Eri (author) / Chang, Howard H. (author) / Fu, Joshua (author) / Yang, Cheng-En (author) / Zhu, Qingzhao (author) / Liu, Yang (author) / Strickland, Matthew J. (author)
2019-09-02
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Associations of wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposure with cardiorespiratory events in Colorado 2011–2014
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