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Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Mexico City
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-6453
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1353-7451
Abstract The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is one of the most polluted megacities in North America. Therefore, it is an excellent benchmark city to understand atmospheric chemistry and to implement pilot countermeasures. Air quality in the MCMA is not within acceptable levels, mainly due to high ground levels of ozone (O3). Tropospheric O3 is a secondary pollutant formed from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of nitrogen oxides and sunlight. To gain a better understanding of O3 formation in megacities, evaluate the effectiveness of already-implemented countermeasures, and identify new cost-effective alternatives to reduce tropospheric O3 concentrations, researchers and environmental authorities require updated concentrations for a broader range of VOCs. Moreover, in an effort to protect human health and the environment, it is important to understand which VOCs exceed reference safe values or most contribute to O3 formation, as well as to identify the most probable emission sources of those VOCs. In this work, 64 VOCs, including 36 toxic VOCs, were measured at four sites in the MCMA during 2011–2012. VOCs related to liquefied petroleum gas leakages exhibited the highest concentrations. Toxic VOCs with the highest average concentrations were acetone and ethanol. The toxic VOC benzene represented the highest risk to Mexican citizens, and toluene contributed the most to O3 formation. Correlation analysis indicated that the measured VOCs come from vehicular emissions and solvent-related industrial sources.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Atmospheric concentration of 64 VOCs were measured in Mexico City during 2011–2012. VOC compounds related to LPG leakages exhibited the highest concentrations. Correlation analysis among VOCs indicates that they also come from gasoline vehicles. Benzene is the toxic VOC that represent the highest risk to Mexicans. Toluene is the VOC with the highest ozone formation potential in Mexico City.
VOC measurements revealed that compounds related to liquefied petroleum gas leakages are the most abundant, the toxic VOC benzene represents the highest risk to citizens, and toluene is the greatest VOC contributor to O3 formation in Mexico City.
Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Mexico City
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-6453
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1353-7451
Abstract The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is one of the most polluted megacities in North America. Therefore, it is an excellent benchmark city to understand atmospheric chemistry and to implement pilot countermeasures. Air quality in the MCMA is not within acceptable levels, mainly due to high ground levels of ozone (O3). Tropospheric O3 is a secondary pollutant formed from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of nitrogen oxides and sunlight. To gain a better understanding of O3 formation in megacities, evaluate the effectiveness of already-implemented countermeasures, and identify new cost-effective alternatives to reduce tropospheric O3 concentrations, researchers and environmental authorities require updated concentrations for a broader range of VOCs. Moreover, in an effort to protect human health and the environment, it is important to understand which VOCs exceed reference safe values or most contribute to O3 formation, as well as to identify the most probable emission sources of those VOCs. In this work, 64 VOCs, including 36 toxic VOCs, were measured at four sites in the MCMA during 2011–2012. VOCs related to liquefied petroleum gas leakages exhibited the highest concentrations. Toxic VOCs with the highest average concentrations were acetone and ethanol. The toxic VOC benzene represented the highest risk to Mexican citizens, and toluene contributed the most to O3 formation. Correlation analysis indicated that the measured VOCs come from vehicular emissions and solvent-related industrial sources.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Atmospheric concentration of 64 VOCs were measured in Mexico City during 2011–2012. VOC compounds related to LPG leakages exhibited the highest concentrations. Correlation analysis among VOCs indicates that they also come from gasoline vehicles. Benzene is the toxic VOC that represent the highest risk to Mexicans. Toluene is the VOC with the highest ozone formation potential in Mexico City.
VOC measurements revealed that compounds related to liquefied petroleum gas leakages are the most abundant, the toxic VOC benzene represents the highest risk to citizens, and toluene is the greatest VOC contributor to O3 formation in Mexico City.
Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Mexico City
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-6453
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1353-7451
Abstract The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is one of the most polluted megacities in North America. Therefore, it is an excellent benchmark city to understand atmospheric chemistry and to implement pilot countermeasures. Air quality in the MCMA is not within acceptable levels, mainly due to high ground levels of ozone (O3). Tropospheric O3 is a secondary pollutant formed from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of nitrogen oxides and sunlight. To gain a better understanding of O3 formation in megacities, evaluate the effectiveness of already-implemented countermeasures, and identify new cost-effective alternatives to reduce tropospheric O3 concentrations, researchers and environmental authorities require updated concentrations for a broader range of VOCs. Moreover, in an effort to protect human health and the environment, it is important to understand which VOCs exceed reference safe values or most contribute to O3 formation, as well as to identify the most probable emission sources of those VOCs. In this work, 64 VOCs, including 36 toxic VOCs, were measured at four sites in the MCMA during 2011–2012. VOCs related to liquefied petroleum gas leakages exhibited the highest concentrations. Toxic VOCs with the highest average concentrations were acetone and ethanol. The toxic VOC benzene represented the highest risk to Mexican citizens, and toluene contributed the most to O3 formation. Correlation analysis indicated that the measured VOCs come from vehicular emissions and solvent-related industrial sources.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Atmospheric concentration of 64 VOCs were measured in Mexico City during 2011–2012. VOC compounds related to LPG leakages exhibited the highest concentrations. Correlation analysis among VOCs indicates that they also come from gasoline vehicles. Benzene is the toxic VOC that represent the highest risk to Mexicans. Toluene is the VOC with the highest ozone formation potential in Mexico City.
VOC measurements revealed that compounds related to liquefied petroleum gas leakages are the most abundant, the toxic VOC benzene represents the highest risk to citizens, and toluene is the greatest VOC contributor to O3 formation in Mexico City.
Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Mexico City
Garzón, Jessica P. (author) / Huertas, José I. (author) / Magaña, Miguel (author) / Huertas, María E. (author) / Cárdenas, Beatriz (author) / Watanabe, Takuro (author) / Maeda, Tsuneaki (author) / Wakamatsu, Shinji (author) / Blanco, Salvador (author)
Atmospheric Environment ; 119 ; 415-429
2015-08-04
15 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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