A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Real-world emissions of carbonyls from vehicles in an urban tunnel in south China
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-0663
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-0928
Abstract Carbonyls play a vital role in atmospheric photochemistry. Vehicle emission is among most important primary emission sources of carbonyls in urban areas, yet knowledge is quite scarce about real-world emissions of carbonyls with the changing on-road vehicle fleets. In this study, emissions of carbonyls were characterized based on tests in a busy urban tunnel in south China. Emission factor (EF) of carbonyls was measured to be 9.89 ± 0.65 mg km−1 on average, in which formaldehyde alone shared 53.1% with an EF of 5.25 ± 0.35 mg km−1, followed by acetaldehyde with an EF of 1.47 ± 0.13 mg km−1. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal showed identical EFs of 0.18 ± 0.02 mg km−1. Multiple linear regression retrieved total carbonyl EFs of 5.68, 47.71 and 35.09 mg km−1 and ozone formation potentials (OFPs) of 38.4, 329.3, and 242.4 mg km−1 for gasoline, diesel and liquefied petroleum gas vehicles (LPGVs), respectively. The unexpectedly high carbonyl emissions from LPGVs were largely attributed to the lack of after-treatment systems or the inefficiency of the after-treatment systems. Among vehicle-emitted non-methane hydrocarbons and carbonyls, carbonyls could contribute ~20% of the total OFPs while they only accounted for 7.1% of the total mass.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Real-world vehicular carbonyl emissions were tested in an urban tunnel. Formaldehyde was the major species accounting for over half of carbonyl emissions. EFs for each fuel type vehicles were obtained via multiple regession analysis. Carbonyls could contributed ~20% of the total OFP by vehicular NMHCs and VOCs. The OFP of carbonyls from LPGVs was about 5 times that from GVs on average.
Real-world emissions of carbonyls from vehicles in an urban tunnel in south China
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-0663
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-0928
Abstract Carbonyls play a vital role in atmospheric photochemistry. Vehicle emission is among most important primary emission sources of carbonyls in urban areas, yet knowledge is quite scarce about real-world emissions of carbonyls with the changing on-road vehicle fleets. In this study, emissions of carbonyls were characterized based on tests in a busy urban tunnel in south China. Emission factor (EF) of carbonyls was measured to be 9.89 ± 0.65 mg km−1 on average, in which formaldehyde alone shared 53.1% with an EF of 5.25 ± 0.35 mg km−1, followed by acetaldehyde with an EF of 1.47 ± 0.13 mg km−1. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal showed identical EFs of 0.18 ± 0.02 mg km−1. Multiple linear regression retrieved total carbonyl EFs of 5.68, 47.71 and 35.09 mg km−1 and ozone formation potentials (OFPs) of 38.4, 329.3, and 242.4 mg km−1 for gasoline, diesel and liquefied petroleum gas vehicles (LPGVs), respectively. The unexpectedly high carbonyl emissions from LPGVs were largely attributed to the lack of after-treatment systems or the inefficiency of the after-treatment systems. Among vehicle-emitted non-methane hydrocarbons and carbonyls, carbonyls could contribute ~20% of the total OFPs while they only accounted for 7.1% of the total mass.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Real-world vehicular carbonyl emissions were tested in an urban tunnel. Formaldehyde was the major species accounting for over half of carbonyl emissions. EFs for each fuel type vehicles were obtained via multiple regession analysis. Carbonyls could contributed ~20% of the total OFP by vehicular NMHCs and VOCs. The OFP of carbonyls from LPGVs was about 5 times that from GVs on average.
Real-world emissions of carbonyls from vehicles in an urban tunnel in south China
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-0663
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-0928
Abstract Carbonyls play a vital role in atmospheric photochemistry. Vehicle emission is among most important primary emission sources of carbonyls in urban areas, yet knowledge is quite scarce about real-world emissions of carbonyls with the changing on-road vehicle fleets. In this study, emissions of carbonyls were characterized based on tests in a busy urban tunnel in south China. Emission factor (EF) of carbonyls was measured to be 9.89 ± 0.65 mg km−1 on average, in which formaldehyde alone shared 53.1% with an EF of 5.25 ± 0.35 mg km−1, followed by acetaldehyde with an EF of 1.47 ± 0.13 mg km−1. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal showed identical EFs of 0.18 ± 0.02 mg km−1. Multiple linear regression retrieved total carbonyl EFs of 5.68, 47.71 and 35.09 mg km−1 and ozone formation potentials (OFPs) of 38.4, 329.3, and 242.4 mg km−1 for gasoline, diesel and liquefied petroleum gas vehicles (LPGVs), respectively. The unexpectedly high carbonyl emissions from LPGVs were largely attributed to the lack of after-treatment systems or the inefficiency of the after-treatment systems. Among vehicle-emitted non-methane hydrocarbons and carbonyls, carbonyls could contribute ~20% of the total OFPs while they only accounted for 7.1% of the total mass.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Real-world vehicular carbonyl emissions were tested in an urban tunnel. Formaldehyde was the major species accounting for over half of carbonyl emissions. EFs for each fuel type vehicles were obtained via multiple regession analysis. Carbonyls could contributed ~20% of the total OFP by vehicular NMHCs and VOCs. The OFP of carbonyls from LPGVs was about 5 times that from GVs on average.
Real-world emissions of carbonyls from vehicles in an urban tunnel in south China
Wu, Zhenfeng (author) / Zhang, Yanli (author) / Pei, Chenglei (author) / Huang, Zuzhao (author) / Wang, Yujun (author) / Chen, Yanning (author) / Yan, Jianhong (author) / Huang, Xiaoqing (author) / Xiao, Shaoxuan (author) / Luo, Shilu (author)
Atmospheric Environment ; 258
2021-05-15
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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