Fine particulate matter constituents and cause-specific mortality in China: A nationwide modelling study: Fid-Bau Portal

Fine particulate matter constituents and cause-specific mortality in China: A nationwide modelling study

Yang, Jun / Zhou, Maigeng / Li, Mengmeng / Yin, Peng / Hu, Jianlin / Zhang, Chunlin / Wang, Hao / Liu, Qiyong / Wang, Boguang

Abstract

Highlights • This is the largest evaluation on the effects of PM2.5 constituents on cause-specific mortality in China. • PM2.5 constituents were significantly associated with mortality risk in China, with largest effect for OC. • Those with cardiovascular disease, females, the elderly, and illiterates were more vulnerable to PM2.5 constituents. • Higher mortality risks of PM2.5 constituents were generally observed in residents in the South and urban communities.

Abstract Background Fine particulate matter (with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm, PM2.5) causes huge disease burden worldwide. However, evidence is still inadequate and inconsistent on the relationships between PM2.5 constituents and mortality, especially in low resource settings. Objectives To evaluate the impact of PM2.5 constituents on cause-specific mortality in China. Methods We obtained daily mortality data for 161 communities in 2011–2013 from the Disease Surveillance Point system in China. Daily concentrations of major PM2.5 constituents, including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), sulphate ( ${SO}_{4}^{2-}$ ), nitrate ( ${NO}_{3}^{-}$ ) and ammonium ( ${NH}_{4}^{+}$ ), were estimated by using the modified Community Multiscale Air Quality model. For each community, we applied quasi-Poisson regression and polynomial distributed lag models to estimate the effects of PM2.5 constituents on cause-specific mortality. Then, the pooled effect estimates were calculated by a random-effect meta-analysis based on the restricted maximum likelihood estimation. Stratification analyses were performed by region, gender, age group and education level to identify the vulnerable populations. Results Each interquartile range change of EC, OC, ${SO}_{4}^{2-}$ , ${NO}_{3}^{-}$ and ${NH}_{4}^{+}$ at lag 0–3 day was associated with increments in non-accidental mortality of 0.45% (95%CI: 0.21, 0.69), 1.43% (0.97, 1.89), 0.71% (0.28, 1.15), 0.70% (0.10, 1.30) and 0.95% (0.39, 1.51), respectively. The associations were stronger for the deaths from cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction, the elderly, illiterates, and people living in the South region. Conclusions Our findings suggest positive associations between PM2.5 constituents and cause-specific mortality, particularly for myocardial infarction.