Review on Time-Integrated Overheating Evaluation Methods for Residential Buildings in Temperate Climates of Europe: Fid-Bau Portal

Review on Time-Integrated Overheating Evaluation Methods for Residential Buildings in Temperate Climates of Europe

Rahif, R. / Amaripadath, D. / Attia, S.

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Highlights • A comprehensive review on time-integrated overheating evaluation methods. • The comfort models for air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned buildings are presented. • The time-integrated overheating indices are analyzed based on seven measures. • Short-term and long-term overheating/discomfort criteria are distinguished. • IOD, AWD, and $α_{IOD/AWD}$ indices are proposed for climate-change sensitive evaluations.

Abstract Overheating exposure over time can lead to discomfort, productivity reduction, and health issues for the occupants in buildings. The time-integrated overheating evaluation methods are introduced to describe, in a synthetic way, the extent of overheating over a span of time and predict the uncomfortable phenomena. This paper reviews the time-integrated overheating evaluation methods that are applicable to residential buildings in temperate climates of Europe. We critically analyze the methods found in (i) 11 international standards, namely, EN 15251 (2006), EN 16798 (2019), ISO 7730 (2004), ISO 17772 (2017–2018), ASHRAE 55 (2017), ASHRAE 55 (2020), CIBSE Guide A (2006), CIBSE TM52 (2013), CIBSE Guide A (2015), CIBSE TM59 (2017), and Passive House (2015), (ii) five national building codes based on the Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) in Belgium, France, Germany, the UK, and the Netherlands, and (iii) two studies in the scientific literature. For each method, we present the thermal comfort models along with the time-integrated overheating indices and criteria. The methods are analyzed according to some key measures in order to identify their scope, strength, and limitations. We found that most standards recommend the static comfort models for air-conditioned buildings and the adaptive comfort models for non-air-conditioned ones. We also found a promising method based on three indices, namely, Indoor Overheating Degree (IOD), Ambient Warmness Degree (AWD), and overheating escalation factor ( $α_{IOD/AWD}$ ) that allows for a multi-zonal and climate change-sensitive overheating assessment. Finally, some guidance is provided for practice and future developments.