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Obesogens in the aquatic environment: an evolutionary and toxicological perspective
AbstractThe rise of obesity in humans is a major health concern of our times, affecting an increasing proportion of the population worldwide. It is now evident that this phenomenon is not only associated with the lack of exercise and a balanced diet, but also due to environmental factors, such as exposure to environmental chemicals that interfere with lipid homeostasis. These chemicals, also known as obesogens, are present in a wide range of products of our daily life, such as cosmetics, paints, plastics, food cans and pesticide-treated food, among others. A growing body of evidences indicates that their action is not limited to mammals. Obesogens also end up in the aquatic environment, potentially affecting its ecosystems. In fact, reports show that some environmental chemicals are able to alter lipid homeostasis, impacting weight, lipid profile, signaling pathways and/or protein activity, of several taxa of aquatic animals. Such perturbations may give rise to physiological disorders and disease. Although largely unexplored from a comparative perspective, the key molecular components implicated in lipid homeostasis have likely appeared early in animal evolution. Therefore, it is not surprising that the obesogen effects are found in other animal groups beyond mammals. Collectively, data indicates that suspected obesogens impact lipid metabolism across phyla that have diverged over 600 million years ago. Thus, a consistent link between environmental chemical exposure and the obesity epidemic has emerged. This review aims to summarize the available information on the effects of putative obesogens in aquatic organisms, considering the similarities and differences of lipid homeostasis pathways among metazoans, thus contributing to a better understanding of the etiology of obesity in human populations. Finally, we identify the knowledge gaps in this field and we set future research priorities.
Graphical abstract
HighlightsA set group of chemicals (obesogens) causes dysregulation of the lipid homeostasis.Several phylogenetic distinct groups are affected by obesogens.Obesogens can act through the interaction with different Nuclear Receptors.Elucidating the MOA of obesogens in different taxa helps understanding the obesity epidemic.
Obesogens in the aquatic environment: an evolutionary and toxicological perspective
AbstractThe rise of obesity in humans is a major health concern of our times, affecting an increasing proportion of the population worldwide. It is now evident that this phenomenon is not only associated with the lack of exercise and a balanced diet, but also due to environmental factors, such as exposure to environmental chemicals that interfere with lipid homeostasis. These chemicals, also known as obesogens, are present in a wide range of products of our daily life, such as cosmetics, paints, plastics, food cans and pesticide-treated food, among others. A growing body of evidences indicates that their action is not limited to mammals. Obesogens also end up in the aquatic environment, potentially affecting its ecosystems. In fact, reports show that some environmental chemicals are able to alter lipid homeostasis, impacting weight, lipid profile, signaling pathways and/or protein activity, of several taxa of aquatic animals. Such perturbations may give rise to physiological disorders and disease. Although largely unexplored from a comparative perspective, the key molecular components implicated in lipid homeostasis have likely appeared early in animal evolution. Therefore, it is not surprising that the obesogen effects are found in other animal groups beyond mammals. Collectively, data indicates that suspected obesogens impact lipid metabolism across phyla that have diverged over 600 million years ago. Thus, a consistent link between environmental chemical exposure and the obesity epidemic has emerged. This review aims to summarize the available information on the effects of putative obesogens in aquatic organisms, considering the similarities and differences of lipid homeostasis pathways among metazoans, thus contributing to a better understanding of the etiology of obesity in human populations. Finally, we identify the knowledge gaps in this field and we set future research priorities.
Graphical abstract
HighlightsA set group of chemicals (obesogens) causes dysregulation of the lipid homeostasis.Several phylogenetic distinct groups are affected by obesogens.Obesogens can act through the interaction with different Nuclear Receptors.Elucidating the MOA of obesogens in different taxa helps understanding the obesity epidemic.
Obesogens in the aquatic environment: an evolutionary and toxicological perspective
Capitão, Ana (author) / Lyssimachou, Angeliki (author) / Castro, Luís Filipe Costa (author) / Santos, Miguel M. (author)
Environmental International ; 106 ; 153-169
2017-06-03
17 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
ACA , Acetyl-CoA Acyltransferase , ACACa , acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 , ACACb , acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 , ACC , Acetyl CoA Carboxylase , ACOX , Acyl-CoA Oxidase , ACS , Acetyl-CoA synthetase , APOA-1 , apolipoprotein A-I , BBzP , Butyl benzyl phthalate , BPA , Bisphenol A , BZF , bezafibrate , CA , clofibric acid , C/EBPs , CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins , CPT , carnitine palmitoyltransferase , CYP27a , sterol 27-hydroxylase , CYP4 , cytochrome P450 4 , DBD , DNA binding domain , DDT , dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane , DEHP , di-2-ethylhexylphthalate , DiDP , diisodecyl phthalate , ECR , Ecdysone Receptor , EDC , Endocrine disrupting chemicals , ER , estrogen receptor , FA , fatty acid , FABP , fatty acid binding protein , FADS , fatty acid desaturase , FASN , Fatty Acid Synthase , FXR , farnesoid X receptor , GPAT1 , glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 , HL , hepatic lipase , HNF4A , Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 A , HSL , hormone sensitive lipase , IPA , Ingenuity pathway analysis , KSI , kidney somatic index , LBD , ligand biding domain , LPL , Lipoprotein Lipase , LSI , liver somatic index , LXR , liver X receptor , MEHP , Mono-ethyl-hexyl phthalate , NP , nonylphenol , NRs , nuclear receptors , PA , phthalic acid , PAHs , Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , PBBs , polybrominated biphenyls , PCBs , polychlorinated biphenyls , PFOA , perfluorooctanoic acid , PPARs , peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors , PXR , pregnane X receptor , Rosi , Rosiglitazone , RXR , retinoid X receptor , SCD1 , stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 , sod1 , superoxide dismutase , SREBPs , sterol regulatory element-binding proteins , STA , Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein , t-OP , octylphenol , TAG , Triacylglycerol , TBBPA , Tetrabromobisphenol A , TBT , Tributyltin , TCBPA , tetrachlorobisphenol A , TPT , Triphenyltin , WAT , White Adipose Tissue , ZOT , Zebrafish obesogenic test , <italic>Obesogens</italic> , Endocrine disruption , Evolution , Nuclear receptor , Lipid metabolism , Aquatic animals
| Taylor & Francis Verlag | 2014