A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A case-cohort study of perinatal exposure to potential endocrine disrupters and the risk of cryptorchidism in the Norwegian HUMIS study
Highlights Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may increase the risk of cryptorchidism. Breast milk levels of persistent chemicals represent prenatal & postnatal exposure. The estrogenic organochlorine pesticide β-HCH is associated with cryptorchidism. PCB-74, PCB-114, and PCB-194 may also increase the risk of cryptorchidism. Single pollutant analysis results can be confounded by highly correlated chemicals.
Abstract Background Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during the critical period of testicular descent may increase the risk of cryptorchidism and male fertility. Objective To investigate 27 potential EDCs measured in breast milk as a proxy for perinatal exposure and the risk of cryptorchidism in a prospective cohort. Method The Norwegian Human Milk Study (2002–2009) enrolled 2606 mother-infant pairs, of which 1326 were mother-son pairs. In a case-cohort design, we studied 641 male infants who had 27 EDCs already quantified in milk samples: 5 organochlorine pesticides, 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 6 brominated flame retardants, and 2 poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances. We defined cases of congenital, recurrent, persistent and ever-reported cryptorchidism based on questionnaires mothers completed when children were 1, 6, 12 and 24 months old. Variable selection via elastic net logistic regression identified the best cryptorchidism predictors while multivariable logistic regression models determined their effect estimates. Results The prevalence of reported congenital cryptorchidism was 6.1%, with half spontaneously descending within six months of birth, after which prevalence stabilized between 2.2 and 2.4%. The ever-reported prevalence of cryptorchidism at 1, 6, 12, or 24 months was 12.2%. Elastic net models identified PCB-74 (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.001–1.703), PCB-114 (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05–1.77), PCB-194 (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03–1.53) and β-HCH (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03–1.53 (per interquartile range increase in concentration of EDCs) as best predictors of congenital cryptorchidism. No EDCs were selected for either recurrent or persistent cryptorchidism, and only PCB-194 was selected by elastic net for ever-reported cryptorchidism (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.51), in contrast to unpenalized multivariable logistic regression, where most of the individual congeners of PCBs showed significant associations. Conclusion In the largest multi-pollutant analysis to date considering potential confounding from co-exposure to other chemicals, perinatal exposure to PCB-74, PCB-114, PCB-194 and β-HCH were associated with increased odds of congenital cryptorchidism. Many PCBs may falsely be associated with cryptorchidism when assessed individually, due to confounding by highly correlated chemicals. Experimental studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
A case-cohort study of perinatal exposure to potential endocrine disrupters and the risk of cryptorchidism in the Norwegian HUMIS study
Highlights Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may increase the risk of cryptorchidism. Breast milk levels of persistent chemicals represent prenatal & postnatal exposure. The estrogenic organochlorine pesticide β-HCH is associated with cryptorchidism. PCB-74, PCB-114, and PCB-194 may also increase the risk of cryptorchidism. Single pollutant analysis results can be confounded by highly correlated chemicals.
Abstract Background Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during the critical period of testicular descent may increase the risk of cryptorchidism and male fertility. Objective To investigate 27 potential EDCs measured in breast milk as a proxy for perinatal exposure and the risk of cryptorchidism in a prospective cohort. Method The Norwegian Human Milk Study (2002–2009) enrolled 2606 mother-infant pairs, of which 1326 were mother-son pairs. In a case-cohort design, we studied 641 male infants who had 27 EDCs already quantified in milk samples: 5 organochlorine pesticides, 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 6 brominated flame retardants, and 2 poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances. We defined cases of congenital, recurrent, persistent and ever-reported cryptorchidism based on questionnaires mothers completed when children were 1, 6, 12 and 24 months old. Variable selection via elastic net logistic regression identified the best cryptorchidism predictors while multivariable logistic regression models determined their effect estimates. Results The prevalence of reported congenital cryptorchidism was 6.1%, with half spontaneously descending within six months of birth, after which prevalence stabilized between 2.2 and 2.4%. The ever-reported prevalence of cryptorchidism at 1, 6, 12, or 24 months was 12.2%. Elastic net models identified PCB-74 (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.001–1.703), PCB-114 (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05–1.77), PCB-194 (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03–1.53) and β-HCH (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03–1.53 (per interquartile range increase in concentration of EDCs) as best predictors of congenital cryptorchidism. No EDCs were selected for either recurrent or persistent cryptorchidism, and only PCB-194 was selected by elastic net for ever-reported cryptorchidism (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.51), in contrast to unpenalized multivariable logistic regression, where most of the individual congeners of PCBs showed significant associations. Conclusion In the largest multi-pollutant analysis to date considering potential confounding from co-exposure to other chemicals, perinatal exposure to PCB-74, PCB-114, PCB-194 and β-HCH were associated with increased odds of congenital cryptorchidism. Many PCBs may falsely be associated with cryptorchidism when assessed individually, due to confounding by highly correlated chemicals. Experimental studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
A case-cohort study of perinatal exposure to potential endocrine disrupters and the risk of cryptorchidism in the Norwegian HUMIS study
Desalegn, Anteneh Assefa (author) / Iszatt, Nina (author) / Stigum, Hein (author) / Jensen, Tina K. (author) / Eggesbø, Merete (author)
2021-08-02
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Congenital cryptorchidism , Recurrent cryptorchidism , Endocrine-disrupting chemicals , Human breast milk , Persistent organic chemicals , Variable selection , BDE , brominated diphenyl ether , CPP , The U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project , DAG , directed acyclic graph , DDE , dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene , DDT , dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane , HCB , hexachlorobenzene , HCH , hexachlorocyclohexane , HUMIS , The Norwegian Human Milk Study , IQR , interquartile range , LOD , limit of detection , LOQ , limit of quantification , NDL , (non)-dioxin-like , P , percentile , PBDE , Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether , PCB , polychlorinated biphenyl , PFASs , poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances , PFHxS , perfluorohexane sulfonate , PFOA , perfluorooctanoate , PFOS , perfluorooctane sulfonate , β-HCH , Beta-hexachlorocyclohexane
Endocrine Disrupters: What's All The Fuss?
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 1997
More work needed on endocrine disrupters . Recently published
Online Contents | 1997