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Revisit employer-based travel demand management: A longitudinal analysis
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-7339
Abstract Employer-based travel demand management (TDM) programs have been implemented worldwide for decades, but rarely are longitudinal analyses implemented. This study utilizes a longitudinal dataset to assess the effectiveness of TDM measures on vehicle trip rates (VTRs) over time. The results suggest: (1) VTR grows over time, and TDM measures may decelerate the growth but cannot reverse the trend; (2) for organizational tools, collective bargaining is negatively associated with VTR; (3) distributing transit passes is negatively associated with VTR; (4) ride match is positively correlated with VTR; (5) guaranteed ride home measures, including emergency rides and employer-provided vehicles, are positively associated with VTR; (6) subsidies promoting multimodal transportation (transit, walking, biking) incentivize vehicle trip reduction; the more subsidies, the lower VTR, and such effects are reinforced over time; (7) in contrast, subsidies promoting carsharing are associated with more vehicle trips; (8) larger companies and areas with higher job densities have a lower VTR. To inform practice, when rewarding employees, distributing transit passes is a preferred strategy. Collective bargaining builds agreements between employers and employees and helps promote trip reduction. Carpooling-related and guaranteed ride-home measures should be applied with caution.
Highlights Vehicle trip rates grow over time. TDM measures may decelerate the vehicle trip growth but cannot reverse the trend. Distributing transit passes to employees is a preferred strategy. Collective bargaining builds agreements and helps promote trip reduction. Carpooling-related and guaranteed ride home measures should be applied with caution.
Revisit employer-based travel demand management: A longitudinal analysis
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-7339
Abstract Employer-based travel demand management (TDM) programs have been implemented worldwide for decades, but rarely are longitudinal analyses implemented. This study utilizes a longitudinal dataset to assess the effectiveness of TDM measures on vehicle trip rates (VTRs) over time. The results suggest: (1) VTR grows over time, and TDM measures may decelerate the growth but cannot reverse the trend; (2) for organizational tools, collective bargaining is negatively associated with VTR; (3) distributing transit passes is negatively associated with VTR; (4) ride match is positively correlated with VTR; (5) guaranteed ride home measures, including emergency rides and employer-provided vehicles, are positively associated with VTR; (6) subsidies promoting multimodal transportation (transit, walking, biking) incentivize vehicle trip reduction; the more subsidies, the lower VTR, and such effects are reinforced over time; (7) in contrast, subsidies promoting carsharing are associated with more vehicle trips; (8) larger companies and areas with higher job densities have a lower VTR. To inform practice, when rewarding employees, distributing transit passes is a preferred strategy. Collective bargaining builds agreements between employers and employees and helps promote trip reduction. Carpooling-related and guaranteed ride-home measures should be applied with caution.
Highlights Vehicle trip rates grow over time. TDM measures may decelerate the vehicle trip growth but cannot reverse the trend. Distributing transit passes to employees is a preferred strategy. Collective bargaining builds agreements and helps promote trip reduction. Carpooling-related and guaranteed ride home measures should be applied with caution.
Revisit employer-based travel demand management: A longitudinal analysis
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-7339
Abstract Employer-based travel demand management (TDM) programs have been implemented worldwide for decades, but rarely are longitudinal analyses implemented. This study utilizes a longitudinal dataset to assess the effectiveness of TDM measures on vehicle trip rates (VTRs) over time. The results suggest: (1) VTR grows over time, and TDM measures may decelerate the growth but cannot reverse the trend; (2) for organizational tools, collective bargaining is negatively associated with VTR; (3) distributing transit passes is negatively associated with VTR; (4) ride match is positively correlated with VTR; (5) guaranteed ride home measures, including emergency rides and employer-provided vehicles, are positively associated with VTR; (6) subsidies promoting multimodal transportation (transit, walking, biking) incentivize vehicle trip reduction; the more subsidies, the lower VTR, and such effects are reinforced over time; (7) in contrast, subsidies promoting carsharing are associated with more vehicle trips; (8) larger companies and areas with higher job densities have a lower VTR. To inform practice, when rewarding employees, distributing transit passes is a preferred strategy. Collective bargaining builds agreements between employers and employees and helps promote trip reduction. Carpooling-related and guaranteed ride-home measures should be applied with caution.
Highlights Vehicle trip rates grow over time. TDM measures may decelerate the vehicle trip growth but cannot reverse the trend. Distributing transit passes to employees is a preferred strategy. Collective bargaining builds agreements and helps promote trip reduction. Carpooling-related and guaranteed ride home measures should be applied with caution.
Revisit employer-based travel demand management: A longitudinal analysis
Chen, Peng (author) / Yang, Xiankui (author)
Transport Policy ; 131 ; 22-31
2022-11-22
10 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Evaluating employer-based transportation demand management programs
| Online Contents | 1993
Evaluating employer-based transportation demand management programs
| Elsevier | 1992