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Exchangeable cations (Cu2+, Zn2+) effects on unfrozen water content in clay-water system using 1H NMR method
Abstract The1H-NMR method has been applied to study unfrozen water content in three model montmorillonites in their natural state and after ion exchange for Cu2+ or Zn2+ cations, being toxic for the environment. The research indicates statistically significant effect of exchangeable cation type on the variation in unfrozen water content. The proposed empirical models are able to predict the unfrozen water content after the exchange for the Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions using the clay fraction as a soil parameter much better than some of the known models based on the specific surface area and, at the same time, on the specific surface area and the clay fraction.
Highlights Unfrozen water content was determined in three model montmorillonites using 1H NMR. Investigation covered natural clays and ion-exchanged types for Cu2+ or Zn2+. Effect of clay type is statistically insignificant after exchange for Cu2+ or Zn2+. Statistical analysis showed effect of exchangeable ion on unfrozen water content. Models are proposed estimating unfrozen water as a function of the clay fraction.
Exchangeable cations (Cu2+, Zn2+) effects on unfrozen water content in clay-water system using 1H NMR method
Abstract The1H-NMR method has been applied to study unfrozen water content in three model montmorillonites in their natural state and after ion exchange for Cu2+ or Zn2+ cations, being toxic for the environment. The research indicates statistically significant effect of exchangeable cation type on the variation in unfrozen water content. The proposed empirical models are able to predict the unfrozen water content after the exchange for the Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions using the clay fraction as a soil parameter much better than some of the known models based on the specific surface area and, at the same time, on the specific surface area and the clay fraction.
Highlights Unfrozen water content was determined in three model montmorillonites using 1H NMR. Investigation covered natural clays and ion-exchanged types for Cu2+ or Zn2+. Effect of clay type is statistically insignificant after exchange for Cu2+ or Zn2+. Statistical analysis showed effect of exchangeable ion on unfrozen water content. Models are proposed estimating unfrozen water as a function of the clay fraction.
Exchangeable cations (Cu2+, Zn2+) effects on unfrozen water content in clay-water system using 1H NMR method
Nartowska, Edyta (author) / Kozłowski, Tomasz (author) / Kolankowska, Marta (author)
2021-09-06
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Unfrozen water , <sup>1</sup>H NMR , Copper , Zinc , Bentonite , Clay fraction , Toxicity
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