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Characterization of particulate and vapor phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor air of primary schools
Abstract The indoor air of schools is considered as one of the most important factors affecting the health of children. The aim of the presented research was to characterize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor and outdoor air of schools. The sampling campaign was conducted during the heating season of 2011/2012. Five primary schools from various urban settings in the city of Kaunas, Lithuania. 150 daily samples of particulate and vapor phases were collected during the sampling period. The ultrasonic extractions followed by the gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GS/MS) analyses were used for the determination of PAHs. The concentration of total PAHs in the PM2.5 fraction ranged from 20.3 to 131.1 ng m−3, while total suspended particles (TSP) fraction contained from 19.9 to 80.3 ng m−3 of total PAHs. The vapor phase concentration of PAHs ranged from 67.2 to 372.5 ng m−3. The most abundant PAH in both phases was naphthalene. In order to define sources of indoor and outdoor PAHs several source apportionment methods were applied. The analysis revealed that emissions from motor vehicles and fuel burning for heating purposes were the major sources of PAHs in the city of Kaunas.
Highlights 150 PAH samples were taken in five primary schools. Concentrations of PAHs in all sites were elevated. Indoor PAHs were mostly influenced by outdoor air. Main sources of PAHs were vehicle emissions and fuel combustion.
Characterization of particulate and vapor phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor air of primary schools
Abstract The indoor air of schools is considered as one of the most important factors affecting the health of children. The aim of the presented research was to characterize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor and outdoor air of schools. The sampling campaign was conducted during the heating season of 2011/2012. Five primary schools from various urban settings in the city of Kaunas, Lithuania. 150 daily samples of particulate and vapor phases were collected during the sampling period. The ultrasonic extractions followed by the gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GS/MS) analyses were used for the determination of PAHs. The concentration of total PAHs in the PM2.5 fraction ranged from 20.3 to 131.1 ng m−3, while total suspended particles (TSP) fraction contained from 19.9 to 80.3 ng m−3 of total PAHs. The vapor phase concentration of PAHs ranged from 67.2 to 372.5 ng m−3. The most abundant PAH in both phases was naphthalene. In order to define sources of indoor and outdoor PAHs several source apportionment methods were applied. The analysis revealed that emissions from motor vehicles and fuel burning for heating purposes were the major sources of PAHs in the city of Kaunas.
Highlights 150 PAH samples were taken in five primary schools. Concentrations of PAHs in all sites were elevated. Indoor PAHs were mostly influenced by outdoor air. Main sources of PAHs were vehicle emissions and fuel combustion.
Characterization of particulate and vapor phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor air of primary schools
Krugly, Edvinas (author) / Martuzevicius, Dainius (author) / Sidaraviciute, Ruta (author) / Ciuzas, Darius (author) / Prasauskas, Tadas (author) / Kauneliene, Violeta (author) / Stasiulaitiene, Inga (author) / Kliucininkas, Linas (author)
Atmospheric Environment ; 82 ; 298-306
2013-10-18
9 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Air pollution , Indoor air , Schools , PAHs , Kaunas , Lithuania
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