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Angle of repose of snow: An experimental study on cohesive properties
Abstract The angle of repose is a measure reflecting the internal friction and cohesion properties of a granular material. In this paper, we present an experimental setup and measurements for the angle of repose of snow for seven different snow samples over a large range of temperatures. The results show that the angle of repose is dependent on the fall height, the temperature, and the grain size of the snow. These variables are quantified, and their interdependencies are separately studied. With increased snow temperature, the angle of repose increases, and this can be explained by the presence of a liquid layer on ice that can be thermodynamically stable at temperatures below the melting point of water. With decreasing grain size the angle of repose also increases which is expected since the cohesive energy decreases more slowly than the grain mass. For increasing fall height, the snow grains generally accelerate to larger collisional velocities, yielding a smaller angle of repose. In general, the dimensionless cohesion number was found to largely reflect the dependencies of the variables and is therefore useful for understanding what affects the angle of repose. The results demonstrate that the drag force and collision dynamics of ice grains are important for understanding how snow accumulates on a surface, for example if one desires predicting snow accretion by simulating a dispersed cloud of snow.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Experimental results for the angle of repose of snow with seven different snow samples. Temperature dependency was concluded to follow an Arrhenius relationship. Fall height was shown to be an important experimental parameter. A size dependency was established where smaller grains yield higher angles. The cohesion number captures the nonlinear dependencies observed.
Angle of repose of snow: An experimental study on cohesive properties
Abstract The angle of repose is a measure reflecting the internal friction and cohesion properties of a granular material. In this paper, we present an experimental setup and measurements for the angle of repose of snow for seven different snow samples over a large range of temperatures. The results show that the angle of repose is dependent on the fall height, the temperature, and the grain size of the snow. These variables are quantified, and their interdependencies are separately studied. With increased snow temperature, the angle of repose increases, and this can be explained by the presence of a liquid layer on ice that can be thermodynamically stable at temperatures below the melting point of water. With decreasing grain size the angle of repose also increases which is expected since the cohesive energy decreases more slowly than the grain mass. For increasing fall height, the snow grains generally accelerate to larger collisional velocities, yielding a smaller angle of repose. In general, the dimensionless cohesion number was found to largely reflect the dependencies of the variables and is therefore useful for understanding what affects the angle of repose. The results demonstrate that the drag force and collision dynamics of ice grains are important for understanding how snow accumulates on a surface, for example if one desires predicting snow accretion by simulating a dispersed cloud of snow.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Experimental results for the angle of repose of snow with seven different snow samples. Temperature dependency was concluded to follow an Arrhenius relationship. Fall height was shown to be an important experimental parameter. A size dependency was established where smaller grains yield higher angles. The cohesion number captures the nonlinear dependencies observed.
Angle of repose of snow: An experimental study on cohesive properties
Eidevåg, Tobias (author) / Thomson, Erik S. (author) / Kallin, David (author) / Casselgren, Johan (author) / Rasmuson, Anders (author)
2021-12-15
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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