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Concentrations and determinants of outdoor, indoor and personal nitrogen dioxide in pregnant women from two Spanish birth cohorts
AbstractDeterminants of outdoor, indoor and personal concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were assessed in a subset of pregnant women of the Spanish INMA (Environment and Childhood) Study. Home indoor and outdoor NO2 concentrations were measured during 48h with passive samplers for 50 and 58 women from the INMA cohorts of Valencia and Sabadell, respectively. Women from Sabadell also carried personal NO2 samplers during the same period. Data on time–activity patterns, socio-economic characteristics, and environmental exposures were obtained through questionnaires. Multiple linear regression models were developed to predict NO2 levels.In Valencia, median outdoor NO2 levels (42µg/m3) were higher than median indoor levels (36µg/m3). In Sabadell, personal NO2 showed the highest median levels (40µg/m3), followed by indoor (32µg/m3) and outdoor (29µg/m3) levels. Personal exposure to NO2 correlated best with the indoor NO2 levels. Temporal and traffic-related variables were significant predictors for outdoor NO2 levels. Thirty-two percent of the indoor NO2 variability in the two cohorts was explained by outdoor NO2 levels and the use of the gas appliances. The model for personal exposure accounted for 59% of the variance in NO2 levels in Sabadell with four predictor variables (outdoor and indoor NO2 levels, time spent in outdoor environments and time exposed to a gas cooker). No significant association was found between personal or indoor NO2 levels and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home.Personal NO2 levels were found to be strongly influenced by indoor NO2 concentrations. The study supports the use of time–activity patterns along with indoor measurements to predict personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution.
Concentrations and determinants of outdoor, indoor and personal nitrogen dioxide in pregnant women from two Spanish birth cohorts
AbstractDeterminants of outdoor, indoor and personal concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were assessed in a subset of pregnant women of the Spanish INMA (Environment and Childhood) Study. Home indoor and outdoor NO2 concentrations were measured during 48h with passive samplers for 50 and 58 women from the INMA cohorts of Valencia and Sabadell, respectively. Women from Sabadell also carried personal NO2 samplers during the same period. Data on time–activity patterns, socio-economic characteristics, and environmental exposures were obtained through questionnaires. Multiple linear regression models were developed to predict NO2 levels.In Valencia, median outdoor NO2 levels (42µg/m3) were higher than median indoor levels (36µg/m3). In Sabadell, personal NO2 showed the highest median levels (40µg/m3), followed by indoor (32µg/m3) and outdoor (29µg/m3) levels. Personal exposure to NO2 correlated best with the indoor NO2 levels. Temporal and traffic-related variables were significant predictors for outdoor NO2 levels. Thirty-two percent of the indoor NO2 variability in the two cohorts was explained by outdoor NO2 levels and the use of the gas appliances. The model for personal exposure accounted for 59% of the variance in NO2 levels in Sabadell with four predictor variables (outdoor and indoor NO2 levels, time spent in outdoor environments and time exposed to a gas cooker). No significant association was found between personal or indoor NO2 levels and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home.Personal NO2 levels were found to be strongly influenced by indoor NO2 concentrations. The study supports the use of time–activity patterns along with indoor measurements to predict personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution.
Concentrations and determinants of outdoor, indoor and personal nitrogen dioxide in pregnant women from two Spanish birth cohorts
Valero, Natalia (author) / Aguilera, Inmaculada (author) / Llop, Sabrina (author) / Esplugues, Ana (author) / de Nazelle, Audrey (author) / Ballester, Ferran (author) / Sunyer, Jordi (author)
Environmental International ; 35 ; 1196-1201
2009-08-14
6 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Personal, indoor and outdoor air pollution levels among pregnant women
| Elsevier | 2012