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Seasonal and diurnal variation in concentrations of gaseous and particulate phase endosulfan
Abstract Successive 52-week air monitoring of α-endosulfan (α-E), β-endosulfan (β-E) and endosulfan sulfate (E.S) in the gaseous and particulate phases was conducted in Dalian city, northeast China by using an active high-volume sampler. Significant seasonal and diurnal variations in endosulfan concentrations were observed. It was found that the concentration of gaseous-phase α-E peaked in the summer and the concentration of particulate phase α-E peaked in the winter. For E.S, both gaseous and particulate phase concentrations peaked in the summer. α-E was distributed predominantly in the gas phase in the summer but was distributed mainly in the particulate phase in the winter. β-E was distributed mainly in the gas phase in the summer and in the particulate phase at other times of the year. E.S was distributed mainly in the particulate phase throughout the year. Elevated temperatures facilitated the volatilization of α-E from particle surfaces but exerted little effect on β-E and had almost no effect on E.S. Trajectory-based analysis indicates that the seasonal variation in atmospheric concentrations of endosulfan in Dalian city was influenced strongly by the land and sea air masses. In addition, differences in endosulfan concentrations in the particulate phase between day and night were likely due to the circulation of sea/land breezes. The ‘cold-condensation’ effect occurring during the night may result in the attachment of endosulfan to the particulate phase.
Graphical abstract Monthly variation of concentration levels of α-endosulfan in gas-phase (a) and particle-phase (b). Display Omitted Highlights ► Atmospheric concentrations of endosulfan were significantly influenced by the air masses from sea and land. ► Sand-dust weather made a significant impact on particulate-phase endosulfan in the atmosphere. ► The endosulfan concentration in the particulate phase was significantly higher at night than during the day.
Seasonal and diurnal variation in concentrations of gaseous and particulate phase endosulfan
Abstract Successive 52-week air monitoring of α-endosulfan (α-E), β-endosulfan (β-E) and endosulfan sulfate (E.S) in the gaseous and particulate phases was conducted in Dalian city, northeast China by using an active high-volume sampler. Significant seasonal and diurnal variations in endosulfan concentrations were observed. It was found that the concentration of gaseous-phase α-E peaked in the summer and the concentration of particulate phase α-E peaked in the winter. For E.S, both gaseous and particulate phase concentrations peaked in the summer. α-E was distributed predominantly in the gas phase in the summer but was distributed mainly in the particulate phase in the winter. β-E was distributed mainly in the gas phase in the summer and in the particulate phase at other times of the year. E.S was distributed mainly in the particulate phase throughout the year. Elevated temperatures facilitated the volatilization of α-E from particle surfaces but exerted little effect on β-E and had almost no effect on E.S. Trajectory-based analysis indicates that the seasonal variation in atmospheric concentrations of endosulfan in Dalian city was influenced strongly by the land and sea air masses. In addition, differences in endosulfan concentrations in the particulate phase between day and night were likely due to the circulation of sea/land breezes. The ‘cold-condensation’ effect occurring during the night may result in the attachment of endosulfan to the particulate phase.
Graphical abstract Monthly variation of concentration levels of α-endosulfan in gas-phase (a) and particle-phase (b). Display Omitted Highlights ► Atmospheric concentrations of endosulfan were significantly influenced by the air masses from sea and land. ► Sand-dust weather made a significant impact on particulate-phase endosulfan in the atmosphere. ► The endosulfan concentration in the particulate phase was significantly higher at night than during the day.
Seasonal and diurnal variation in concentrations of gaseous and particulate phase endosulfan
Li, Qingbo (author) / Wang, Xianyu (author) / Song, Jing (author) / Sui, Hongqi (author) / Huang, Lei (author) / Li, Lu (author)
Atmospheric Environment ; 61 ; 620-626
2012-07-30
7 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English