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Geopolymer-bamboo composite – A novel sustainable construction material

Sá Ribeiro, Ruy A. / Sá Ribeiro, Marilene G. / Sankar, Kaushik / Kriven, Waltraud M.

Highlights • Potassium-sodium geopolymer is reinforced with bamboo fibers and strips. • Testing the geopolymer-bamboo composite yielded good to high flexural strength. • SEM micrographs reviewed the interface between the fibers and the geopolymer matrix. • Metakaolin geopolymer was cured at 50°C for 24h and set to dry for 7days at room temperature. • Room temperature cure was also achievable with the same system.

Abstract In the pursuit of sustainable construction, regional natural materials can be used as a base for geopolymer processing. For higher strength achievement, this study uses mixed potassium-sodium polysialate siloxo-type geopolymer reinforced with bamboo fibers and strips. The composite geopolymer reinforced with bamboo fibers was used as a binder for the bamboo strips. Geopolymer was synthesized using metakaolin produced from kaolinite extracted from Amazonian soil, and microscopically compared to a commercial, highly reactive, Metamax metakaolin-based geopolymer. Amazonian kaolin was converted into metakaolin by calcination up to 700°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the resulting amorphous metakaolin to be 76% pure, with 24% crystalline quartz impurity. Four-point flexural and compressive strength testing of the geopolymer were carried out according to ASTM standards C1341-13 and C1424-10. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the microstructure and the interface. In addition, XRD was used to confirm the formation of geopolymer. Amazonian metakaolin geopolymer reinforced with bamboo is a potential green sustainable construction material with compressive strength ranging from: 23–38MPa for micro bamboo fibers alkali treated (BF1A), 23–25MPa for short BF alkali treated (BF4A), and 25–29MPa for short BF water treated (BF4W). Flexural strength values for geopolymer reinforced with bamboo fibers ranged from: 4–8MPa for BF1A, 7–8MPa for BF4W, and reached 21–30MPa for mixed BF1A and bamboo strip reinforcements.