A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Metformin chlorination byproducts in drinking water exhibit marked toxicities of a potential health concern
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8882-501X
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5247-9058
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-5928
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-2548
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Metformin (MET) chlorination byproducts Y and C are first purified for research. The worldwide occurrences of MET and C in drinking water are demonstrated. Byproducts Y and C exhibit no evident genotoxicity to nematode worms. Both byproducts are markedly toxic to worms, human cells, and mice. Y and C can be removed via boiling and powered activated carbon adsorption.
Abstract Metformin (MET), a worldwide used drug for type 2 diabetes, has been found with the largest amount by weight among all drugs in aquatic environment, including the drinking water systems where this emerging micropollutant is inevitably transformed during chlorination process. Whether MET chlorination byproducts Y (C4H6ClN5) and C (C4H6ClN3) exist in drinking water remains unknown. Although MET has health-promoting properties, whether or how its chlorination byproducts affect health is still uncharacterized. Here we reveal that MET and byproduct C are present in worldwide drinking water with the highest doses detected for MET and C as 1203.5 ng/L and 9.7 ng/L respectively. Under simulated chlorination conditions, we also demonstrate that both byproducts can be increasingly produced with increment of MET concentration, suggesting a hidden threat on the safety and sustainability of global water supply. Through systematic evaluations, we demonstrate that MET chlorination byproducts Y and C exhibit toxicities instead of genotoxicity to live worms and human HepG2 cells at millimolar doses. Moreover, both byproducts are harmful to mice and particularly Y at 250 ng/L destroys the mouse small intestine integrity. Unprecedentedly, we unveil boiling and activated carbon adsorption as effective alternative solutions that may be in urgent demand globally for removing these byproducts from drinking water.
Metformin chlorination byproducts in drinking water exhibit marked toxicities of a potential health concern
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8882-501X
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5247-9058
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-5928
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-2548
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Metformin (MET) chlorination byproducts Y and C are first purified for research. The worldwide occurrences of MET and C in drinking water are demonstrated. Byproducts Y and C exhibit no evident genotoxicity to nematode worms. Both byproducts are markedly toxic to worms, human cells, and mice. Y and C can be removed via boiling and powered activated carbon adsorption.
Abstract Metformin (MET), a worldwide used drug for type 2 diabetes, has been found with the largest amount by weight among all drugs in aquatic environment, including the drinking water systems where this emerging micropollutant is inevitably transformed during chlorination process. Whether MET chlorination byproducts Y (C4H6ClN5) and C (C4H6ClN3) exist in drinking water remains unknown. Although MET has health-promoting properties, whether or how its chlorination byproducts affect health is still uncharacterized. Here we reveal that MET and byproduct C are present in worldwide drinking water with the highest doses detected for MET and C as 1203.5 ng/L and 9.7 ng/L respectively. Under simulated chlorination conditions, we also demonstrate that both byproducts can be increasingly produced with increment of MET concentration, suggesting a hidden threat on the safety and sustainability of global water supply. Through systematic evaluations, we demonstrate that MET chlorination byproducts Y and C exhibit toxicities instead of genotoxicity to live worms and human HepG2 cells at millimolar doses. Moreover, both byproducts are harmful to mice and particularly Y at 250 ng/L destroys the mouse small intestine integrity. Unprecedentedly, we unveil boiling and activated carbon adsorption as effective alternative solutions that may be in urgent demand globally for removing these byproducts from drinking water.
Metformin chlorination byproducts in drinking water exhibit marked toxicities of a potential health concern
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8882-501X
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5247-9058
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-5928
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-2548
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Metformin (MET) chlorination byproducts Y and C are first purified for research. The worldwide occurrences of MET and C in drinking water are demonstrated. Byproducts Y and C exhibit no evident genotoxicity to nematode worms. Both byproducts are markedly toxic to worms, human cells, and mice. Y and C can be removed via boiling and powered activated carbon adsorption.
Abstract Metformin (MET), a worldwide used drug for type 2 diabetes, has been found with the largest amount by weight among all drugs in aquatic environment, including the drinking water systems where this emerging micropollutant is inevitably transformed during chlorination process. Whether MET chlorination byproducts Y (C4H6ClN5) and C (C4H6ClN3) exist in drinking water remains unknown. Although MET has health-promoting properties, whether or how its chlorination byproducts affect health is still uncharacterized. Here we reveal that MET and byproduct C are present in worldwide drinking water with the highest doses detected for MET and C as 1203.5 ng/L and 9.7 ng/L respectively. Under simulated chlorination conditions, we also demonstrate that both byproducts can be increasingly produced with increment of MET concentration, suggesting a hidden threat on the safety and sustainability of global water supply. Through systematic evaluations, we demonstrate that MET chlorination byproducts Y and C exhibit toxicities instead of genotoxicity to live worms and human HepG2 cells at millimolar doses. Moreover, both byproducts are harmful to mice and particularly Y at 250 ng/L destroys the mouse small intestine integrity. Unprecedentedly, we unveil boiling and activated carbon adsorption as effective alternative solutions that may be in urgent demand globally for removing these byproducts from drinking water.
Metformin chlorination byproducts in drinking water exhibit marked toxicities of a potential health concern
Zhang, Runshuai (author) / He, Yuanzhen (author) / Yao, Luxia (author) / Chen, Jie (author) / Zhu, Shihao (author) / Rao, Xinxin (author) / Tang, Peiyuan (author) / You, Jia (author) / Hua, Guoqiang (author) / Zhang, Lu (author)
2020-10-23
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Drinking Water Chlorination and Health
| Online Contents | 1999
Assessing the Health Impact of Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water
| American Chemical Society | 2024
Predictive capability of chlorination disinfection byproducts models
| Online Contents | 2015
Degradation of Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water
| British Library Online Contents | 2004