A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Intra-urban biomonitoring: Source apportionment using tree barks to identify air pollution sources
Abstract It is of great interest to evaluate if there is a relationship between possible sources and trace elements using biomonitoring techniques. In this study, tree bark samples of 171 trees were collected using a biomonitoring technique in the inner city of São Paulo. The trace elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, S, Sr and Zn) were determined by the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the plausible sources associated with tree bark measurements. The greatest source was vehicle-induced non-tailpipe emissions derived mainly from brakes and tires wear-out and road dust resuspension (characterized with Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), which was explained by 27.1% of the variance, followed by cement (14.8%), sea salt (11.6%) and biomass burning (10%), and fossil fuel combustion (9.8%). We also verified that the elements related to vehicular emission showed different concentrations at different sites of the same street, which might be helpful for a new street classification according to the emission source. The spatial distribution maps of element concentrations were obtained to evaluate the different levels of pollution in streets and avenues. Results indicated that biomonitoring techniques using tree bark can be applied to evaluate dispersion of air pollution and provide reliable data for the further epidemiological studies.
Highlights Biomonitoring is a valuable technique to air pollution monitoring. Street classification has different vehicular emission pollution. Biomonitoring is able to identify air pollution sources.
Intra-urban biomonitoring: Source apportionment using tree barks to identify air pollution sources
Abstract It is of great interest to evaluate if there is a relationship between possible sources and trace elements using biomonitoring techniques. In this study, tree bark samples of 171 trees were collected using a biomonitoring technique in the inner city of São Paulo. The trace elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, S, Sr and Zn) were determined by the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the plausible sources associated with tree bark measurements. The greatest source was vehicle-induced non-tailpipe emissions derived mainly from brakes and tires wear-out and road dust resuspension (characterized with Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), which was explained by 27.1% of the variance, followed by cement (14.8%), sea salt (11.6%) and biomass burning (10%), and fossil fuel combustion (9.8%). We also verified that the elements related to vehicular emission showed different concentrations at different sites of the same street, which might be helpful for a new street classification according to the emission source. The spatial distribution maps of element concentrations were obtained to evaluate the different levels of pollution in streets and avenues. Results indicated that biomonitoring techniques using tree bark can be applied to evaluate dispersion of air pollution and provide reliable data for the further epidemiological studies.
Highlights Biomonitoring is a valuable technique to air pollution monitoring. Street classification has different vehicular emission pollution. Biomonitoring is able to identify air pollution sources.
Intra-urban biomonitoring: Source apportionment using tree barks to identify air pollution sources
Moreira, Tiana Carla Lopes (author) / de Oliveira, Regiani Carvalho (author) / Amato, Luís Fernando Lourenço (author) / Kang, Choong-Min (author) / Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento (author) / Saiki, Mitiko (author)
Environmental International ; 91 ; 271-275
2016-03-06
5 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Intra-urban biomonitoring: Source apportionment using tree barks to identify air pollution sources
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