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Triphenyl phosphate-induced pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos is dependent on the ionic strength of exposure media
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Ionic strength of exposure media influences the severity of pericardial edema formation. D-Mannitol does not impact TPHP uptake in embryonic zebrafish, while preventing TPHP-induced pericardial edema formation. TPHP increases the frequency of microridges on the embryonic yolk sac epithelium.
Abstract Pericardial edema is commonly observed in zebrafish embryo-based chemical toxicity screens, and a mechanism underlying edema may be disruption of embryonic osmoregulation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify whether triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) – a widely used aryl phosphate ester-based flame retardant – induces pericardial edema via impacts on osmoregulation within embryonic zebrafish. In addition to an increase in TPHP-induced microridges in the embryonic yolk sac epithelium, an increase in ionic strength of exposure media exacerbated TPHP-induced pericardial edema when embryos were exposed from 24 to 72 h post-fertilization (hpf). However, there was no difference in embryonic sodium concentrations in situ within TPHP-exposed embryos relative to embryos exposed to vehicle (0.1% DMSO) from 24 to 72 hpf. Interestingly, increasing the osmolarity of exposure media with mannitol (an osmotic diuretic which mitigates TPHP-induced pericardial edema) and increasing the ionic strength of the exposure media (which exacerbates TPHP-induced pericardial edema) did not affect embryonic doses of TPHP, suggesting that TPHP uptake was not altered under these varying experimental conditions. Overall, our findings suggest that TPHP-induced pericardial edema within zebrafish embryos is dependent on the ionic strength of exposure media, underscoring the importance of further standardization of exposure media and embryo rearing protocols in zebrafish-based chemical toxicity screening assays.
Triphenyl phosphate-induced pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos is dependent on the ionic strength of exposure media
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Ionic strength of exposure media influences the severity of pericardial edema formation. D-Mannitol does not impact TPHP uptake in embryonic zebrafish, while preventing TPHP-induced pericardial edema formation. TPHP increases the frequency of microridges on the embryonic yolk sac epithelium.
Abstract Pericardial edema is commonly observed in zebrafish embryo-based chemical toxicity screens, and a mechanism underlying edema may be disruption of embryonic osmoregulation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify whether triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) – a widely used aryl phosphate ester-based flame retardant – induces pericardial edema via impacts on osmoregulation within embryonic zebrafish. In addition to an increase in TPHP-induced microridges in the embryonic yolk sac epithelium, an increase in ionic strength of exposure media exacerbated TPHP-induced pericardial edema when embryos were exposed from 24 to 72 h post-fertilization (hpf). However, there was no difference in embryonic sodium concentrations in situ within TPHP-exposed embryos relative to embryos exposed to vehicle (0.1% DMSO) from 24 to 72 hpf. Interestingly, increasing the osmolarity of exposure media with mannitol (an osmotic diuretic which mitigates TPHP-induced pericardial edema) and increasing the ionic strength of the exposure media (which exacerbates TPHP-induced pericardial edema) did not affect embryonic doses of TPHP, suggesting that TPHP uptake was not altered under these varying experimental conditions. Overall, our findings suggest that TPHP-induced pericardial edema within zebrafish embryos is dependent on the ionic strength of exposure media, underscoring the importance of further standardization of exposure media and embryo rearing protocols in zebrafish-based chemical toxicity screening assays.
Triphenyl phosphate-induced pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos is dependent on the ionic strength of exposure media
Wiegand, Jenna (author) / Avila-Barnard, Sarah (author) / Nemarugommula, Charvita (author) / Lyons, David (author) / Zhang, Sharon (author) / Stapleton, Heather M. (author) / Volz, David C. (author)
2023-01-14
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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