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Fate of chlorpyrifos bound residues in paddy soils: Release, transformation, and phytoavailability
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Highlights The possible fate of CPF bound residues in paddy field environments was elucidated. Most 14C-CPF-BRin are composed of parent CPF and its metabolite 2-OH-TCP. > 80% of BR was formed by reversible entrapment of soil fulvic acids and humin. The main 14C-BR released into water is 2-OH-TCP that could be absorbed by duckweed. The metabolic pathway of released 14C-CPF-BRin absorbed by duckweed was clarified.
Abstract Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide that tends to form bound residues (BRs) in soils. However, the stability and biological activity of CPF-BRs remain to be explored. Facilitated by carbon-14 tracing, this study obtained CPF-BRs initially formed in two typical paddy soils (14C-CPF-BRin), and further investigated their release, transformation and phytoavailability using duckweed (Lemna minor) as a model aquatic organism. Most 14C-CPF-BRin in soils were composed of the parent CPF and its metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (2-OH-TCP), which was mainly formed through reversible entrapment by soil fulvic acids and humin (>80%). At 36 d, 66.67–80.90% of the 14C-CPF-BRin was released, of which only 2-OH-TCP could be released into the water and absorbed by the duckweed, with bioconcentration factors ranging from 247.99 to 324.68 L kg−1. The subsequent metabolism of released 14C-CPF-BRin in duckweed included phase I metabolism from 2-OH-TCP to 4-OH-TCP and phase II metabolism of conjugation of TCP with plant endogenous amino acids. The study suggested that CPF bound residues have high bioavailability in paddy field environments. Given that many pesticides and non-pesticide chemicals share structures analogous to CPF, the findings have important implications for better understanding the environmental and human health risks of man-made chemicals.
Fate of chlorpyrifos bound residues in paddy soils: Release, transformation, and phytoavailability
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights The possible fate of CPF bound residues in paddy field environments was elucidated. Most 14C-CPF-BRin are composed of parent CPF and its metabolite 2-OH-TCP. > 80% of BR was formed by reversible entrapment of soil fulvic acids and humin. The main 14C-BR released into water is 2-OH-TCP that could be absorbed by duckweed. The metabolic pathway of released 14C-CPF-BRin absorbed by duckweed was clarified.
Abstract Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide that tends to form bound residues (BRs) in soils. However, the stability and biological activity of CPF-BRs remain to be explored. Facilitated by carbon-14 tracing, this study obtained CPF-BRs initially formed in two typical paddy soils (14C-CPF-BRin), and further investigated their release, transformation and phytoavailability using duckweed (Lemna minor) as a model aquatic organism. Most 14C-CPF-BRin in soils were composed of the parent CPF and its metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (2-OH-TCP), which was mainly formed through reversible entrapment by soil fulvic acids and humin (>80%). At 36 d, 66.67–80.90% of the 14C-CPF-BRin was released, of which only 2-OH-TCP could be released into the water and absorbed by the duckweed, with bioconcentration factors ranging from 247.99 to 324.68 L kg−1. The subsequent metabolism of released 14C-CPF-BRin in duckweed included phase I metabolism from 2-OH-TCP to 4-OH-TCP and phase II metabolism of conjugation of TCP with plant endogenous amino acids. The study suggested that CPF bound residues have high bioavailability in paddy field environments. Given that many pesticides and non-pesticide chemicals share structures analogous to CPF, the findings have important implications for better understanding the environmental and human health risks of man-made chemicals.
Fate of chlorpyrifos bound residues in paddy soils: Release, transformation, and phytoavailability
Zhong, Jiayin (author) / Shen, Dahang (author) / Li, Hao (author) / He, Yan (author) / Bao, Qian (author) / Wang, Wei (author) / Ye, Qingfu (author) / Gan, Jay (author)
2022-06-05
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Fate of chlorpyrifos bound residues in paddy soils: Release, transformation, and phytoavailability
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