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Shear stiffness of sand-fines binary mixtures: Effects of sand gradation and fines content
Highlights The effects of FC and sand gradation on shear stiffness are investigated. G 0 is significantly affected by FC, C us, or R d shown by experimental results. G 0 of each mixture can be uniquely characterized by e* regardless of FC. A G 0 predictive model for sand-fines binary mixtures is proposed and validated.
Abstract In this study, a comprehensive experimental programme was carried out on five clean sands of different gradations mixed with low plastic fines using an apparatus that incorporates both resonant column (RC) and bender element (BE) functions. The sand gradation is characterized by uniformity coefficient of host sand (C us) and grain size ratio (R d), which is defined as the ratio of the mean grain size of sand to that of fines. The effects of fines content (FC) and sand gradation on small strain shear modulus G 0 are analyzed from the experimental results. Both RC and BE test results show that G 0 continuously decreases in a non-linear manner as FC increases to 30% and becomes as low as nearly 50% of that of clean sand at the highest FC. The reduction rates with respect to FC are similar regardless of the testing type and the stress dependence of G 0 is insensitive to FC. Meanwhile, G 0 decreases as C us or R d increases at a given FC and void ratio or at a fixed equivalent skeleton void ratio e*. A new predictive model in terms of e* is proposed to evaluate the G 0 of sand-fines mixtures to account for the effects of void ratio, confining pressure, FC, and sand gradation within ±20% deviation. Moreover, the rate of shear modulus degradation with shear strain and the damping ratio are higher for sand-fines mixtures with higher FCs.
Shear stiffness of sand-fines binary mixtures: Effects of sand gradation and fines content
Highlights The effects of FC and sand gradation on shear stiffness are investigated. G 0 is significantly affected by FC, C us, or R d shown by experimental results. G 0 of each mixture can be uniquely characterized by e* regardless of FC. A G 0 predictive model for sand-fines binary mixtures is proposed and validated.
Abstract In this study, a comprehensive experimental programme was carried out on five clean sands of different gradations mixed with low plastic fines using an apparatus that incorporates both resonant column (RC) and bender element (BE) functions. The sand gradation is characterized by uniformity coefficient of host sand (C us) and grain size ratio (R d), which is defined as the ratio of the mean grain size of sand to that of fines. The effects of fines content (FC) and sand gradation on small strain shear modulus G 0 are analyzed from the experimental results. Both RC and BE test results show that G 0 continuously decreases in a non-linear manner as FC increases to 30% and becomes as low as nearly 50% of that of clean sand at the highest FC. The reduction rates with respect to FC are similar regardless of the testing type and the stress dependence of G 0 is insensitive to FC. Meanwhile, G 0 decreases as C us or R d increases at a given FC and void ratio or at a fixed equivalent skeleton void ratio e*. A new predictive model in terms of e* is proposed to evaluate the G 0 of sand-fines mixtures to account for the effects of void ratio, confining pressure, FC, and sand gradation within ±20% deviation. Moreover, the rate of shear modulus degradation with shear strain and the damping ratio are higher for sand-fines mixtures with higher FCs.
Shear stiffness of sand-fines binary mixtures: Effects of sand gradation and fines content
Zuo, Kangle (author) / Gu, Xiaoqiang (author) / Hu, Chao (author) / Hu, Jing (author) / Gao, Guangyun (author)
2023-04-07
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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