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Effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter and metal components on mortality in the Rome longitudinal study
AbstractBackgroundThe effect of long-term exposure to metal components in particulate matter on mortality are still controversial.ObjectivesTo study the association between long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, particulate matter components (copper, iron, zinc, sulfur, silicon, potassium, nickel, and vanadium) and non-accidental, cardiovascular (CVD), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality.MethodsAll 30+ year olds from the Rome Longitudinal Study were followed for vital status from October 2001 until December 2010. We used land use regression models to estimate annual average concentrations at residences and Cox models to estimate the associations between pollutants and cause-specific mortality, adjusting for individual and contextual characteristics. Hazard ratios (HRs) were expressed per increments equal to the 5th–95th percentile range of each pollutant distribution.ResultsWe analyzed 1,249,108 residents and found strong associations between all exposure indicators and mortality. We observed higher mortality risk with increasing exposure to PM2.5 absorbance (HR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.03–1.06) and to tracers of non-tailpipe traffic emissions such as tire and brake wear (Cu, Fe, and Zn); for PM2.5Zn, we found HR=1.06 (95% CI: 1.04–1.08) for non-accidental mortality, HR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.04–1.10) for CVD, and HR=1.11 (95% CI: 1.06–1.16) for IHD mortality. With increasing levels of nickel in PM10, we found HR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.05–1.09) for non-accidental mortality, HR=1.08 (95% CI: 1.05–1.11) for CVD, and HR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.08–1.18) for IHD mortality. Results were robust when we adjusted for PM mass and for cardiovascular mortality when we adjusted for NO2.ConclusionsIn addition to vehicular exhaust pollutants, PM related to non-tailpipe emissions and mixed oil burning/industry plays an important role in mortality.
HighlightsPM10, PM2.5, PM absorbance and all the components of particulate matter (PM) were positively associated with mortality.PM2.5Cu, PM2.5Zn, PM10Fe, and PM10Ni showed the strongest association with mortality, especially from Ischemic Heart Disease.The results were robust to model specification and adjustment for PM mass.The results for PM2.5Zn, PM10Ni, and PM10V were also robust to NO2 adjustment.Long-term exposure to metals originating from non-tailpipe and industrial emissions were associated Ischemic Heart Disease.
Effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter and metal components on mortality in the Rome longitudinal study
AbstractBackgroundThe effect of long-term exposure to metal components in particulate matter on mortality are still controversial.ObjectivesTo study the association between long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, particulate matter components (copper, iron, zinc, sulfur, silicon, potassium, nickel, and vanadium) and non-accidental, cardiovascular (CVD), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality.MethodsAll 30+ year olds from the Rome Longitudinal Study were followed for vital status from October 2001 until December 2010. We used land use regression models to estimate annual average concentrations at residences and Cox models to estimate the associations between pollutants and cause-specific mortality, adjusting for individual and contextual characteristics. Hazard ratios (HRs) were expressed per increments equal to the 5th–95th percentile range of each pollutant distribution.ResultsWe analyzed 1,249,108 residents and found strong associations between all exposure indicators and mortality. We observed higher mortality risk with increasing exposure to PM2.5 absorbance (HR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.03–1.06) and to tracers of non-tailpipe traffic emissions such as tire and brake wear (Cu, Fe, and Zn); for PM2.5Zn, we found HR=1.06 (95% CI: 1.04–1.08) for non-accidental mortality, HR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.04–1.10) for CVD, and HR=1.11 (95% CI: 1.06–1.16) for IHD mortality. With increasing levels of nickel in PM10, we found HR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.05–1.09) for non-accidental mortality, HR=1.08 (95% CI: 1.05–1.11) for CVD, and HR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.08–1.18) for IHD mortality. Results were robust when we adjusted for PM mass and for cardiovascular mortality when we adjusted for NO2.ConclusionsIn addition to vehicular exhaust pollutants, PM related to non-tailpipe emissions and mixed oil burning/industry plays an important role in mortality.
HighlightsPM10, PM2.5, PM absorbance and all the components of particulate matter (PM) were positively associated with mortality.PM2.5Cu, PM2.5Zn, PM10Fe, and PM10Ni showed the strongest association with mortality, especially from Ischemic Heart Disease.The results were robust to model specification and adjustment for PM mass.The results for PM2.5Zn, PM10Ni, and PM10V were also robust to NO2 adjustment.Long-term exposure to metals originating from non-tailpipe and industrial emissions were associated Ischemic Heart Disease.
Effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter and metal components on mortality in the Rome longitudinal study
Badaloni, Chiara (author) / Cesaroni, Giulia (author) / Cerza, Francesco (author) / Davoli, Marina (author) / Brunekreef, Bert (author) / Forastiere, Francesco (author)
Environmental International ; 109 ; 146-154
2017-09-04
9 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
CVD , Cardiovascular disease , Cu , Copper , CI , Confidence interval , ESCAPE , European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects , Fe , Iron , HR , Hazard Ratio , IPW , Inverse probability weighting , IHD , Ischemic heart disease , K , Potassium , LOOCV , Leave-one-out cross validation , LUR , Land-use regression , μg/m<sup>3</sup> , Micrograms per cubic meter , Ni , Nickel , ng/m<sup>3</sup> , Nanograms per cubic meter , PM , Particulate matter , PM<inf>10</inf> , Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10<hsp></hsp>μm , PM<inf>2.5</inf> , Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5<hsp></hsp>μm , S , Sulfur , Si , Silicon , TRANSPHORM , Transport-related air pollution and health impacts–integrated methodologies for assessing particulate matter , V , Vanadium , Zn , Zinc , Particulate components , Air pollution , Long-term exposure , Mortality , Rome Longitudinal Study
Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components
| Taylor & Francis Verlag | 2015
| IOP Institute of Physics | 2013