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A diagnostic equation for the maximum urban heat island effect of a typical Chinese city: A case study for Xi'an
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5922-8179
Abstract To reduce the vulnerability of urban areas facing high temperatures, it is useful to develop methods to obtain the urban heat island (UHI) intensity. However, it is hard to equip all cities with extensive measurement networks and alternative UHI diagnostic methods are needed. Accordingly, in this paper we evaluate and revise the diagnostic equation designed by Theeuwes et al. (2017) and analyze its application for Xi'an (China), based on long-term summer meteorology data. The evaluation of the default diagnostic equation shows that limited accuracy for Xi'an is caused by the sum of morphological parameters being used outside the original range of calibration. Subsequently, we propose an extended equation, which adds the building fraction to express the morphology of additional spatial categories. This new equation is calibrated against a 3-year dataset and independently validated with data from another year. In addition, a class prediction with three spatial categories is proposed, and verified by independent data of 20 stations in Xi'an in 2018, which enables this formula to be applied in more cities. Altogether, the extended diagnostic equation is an effective method to evaluate the daily maximum UHI intensity (UHImax) on neighborhood-scale, which can be generalized for a whole city area and presents internal intensity differences with multi-points.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights A diagnostic equation for the maximum urban heat island is applied in Xi'an (China). Building fraction is added to the diagnostic equation to represent morphology. Sky-view factor and vegetation fraction are used for spatial categorization. The extended equation is an effective method for UHImax evaluation.
A diagnostic equation for the maximum urban heat island effect of a typical Chinese city: A case study for Xi'an
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5922-8179
Abstract To reduce the vulnerability of urban areas facing high temperatures, it is useful to develop methods to obtain the urban heat island (UHI) intensity. However, it is hard to equip all cities with extensive measurement networks and alternative UHI diagnostic methods are needed. Accordingly, in this paper we evaluate and revise the diagnostic equation designed by Theeuwes et al. (2017) and analyze its application for Xi'an (China), based on long-term summer meteorology data. The evaluation of the default diagnostic equation shows that limited accuracy for Xi'an is caused by the sum of morphological parameters being used outside the original range of calibration. Subsequently, we propose an extended equation, which adds the building fraction to express the morphology of additional spatial categories. This new equation is calibrated against a 3-year dataset and independently validated with data from another year. In addition, a class prediction with three spatial categories is proposed, and verified by independent data of 20 stations in Xi'an in 2018, which enables this formula to be applied in more cities. Altogether, the extended diagnostic equation is an effective method to evaluate the daily maximum UHI intensity (UHImax) on neighborhood-scale, which can be generalized for a whole city area and presents internal intensity differences with multi-points.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights A diagnostic equation for the maximum urban heat island is applied in Xi'an (China). Building fraction is added to the diagnostic equation to represent morphology. Sky-view factor and vegetation fraction are used for spatial categorization. The extended equation is an effective method for UHImax evaluation.
A diagnostic equation for the maximum urban heat island effect of a typical Chinese city: A case study for Xi'an
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5922-8179
Abstract To reduce the vulnerability of urban areas facing high temperatures, it is useful to develop methods to obtain the urban heat island (UHI) intensity. However, it is hard to equip all cities with extensive measurement networks and alternative UHI diagnostic methods are needed. Accordingly, in this paper we evaluate and revise the diagnostic equation designed by Theeuwes et al. (2017) and analyze its application for Xi'an (China), based on long-term summer meteorology data. The evaluation of the default diagnostic equation shows that limited accuracy for Xi'an is caused by the sum of morphological parameters being used outside the original range of calibration. Subsequently, we propose an extended equation, which adds the building fraction to express the morphology of additional spatial categories. This new equation is calibrated against a 3-year dataset and independently validated with data from another year. In addition, a class prediction with three spatial categories is proposed, and verified by independent data of 20 stations in Xi'an in 2018, which enables this formula to be applied in more cities. Altogether, the extended diagnostic equation is an effective method to evaluate the daily maximum UHI intensity (UHImax) on neighborhood-scale, which can be generalized for a whole city area and presents internal intensity differences with multi-points.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights A diagnostic equation for the maximum urban heat island is applied in Xi'an (China). Building fraction is added to the diagnostic equation to represent morphology. Sky-view factor and vegetation fraction are used for spatial categorization. The extended equation is an effective method for UHImax evaluation.
A diagnostic equation for the maximum urban heat island effect of a typical Chinese city: A case study for Xi'an
Zhang, Xi (author) / Steeneveld, Gert-Jan (author) / Zhou, Dian (author) / Duan, Chengjiang (author) / Holtslag, Albert A.M. (author)
Building and Environment ; 158 ; 39-50
2019-05-02
12 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
| Trans Tech Publications | 2014
Standardarchitecture: Xi'an City Wall Reintegration, Xi'an, 2009
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