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Time trends of perfluorinated alkyl acids in serum from Danish pregnant women 2008–2013
Abstract We aimed to estimate the levels and time trends of perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) in serum of 1533 Danish pregnant nulliparous women between 2008 and 2013. The selection criterion of only including nulliparous women was chosen to avoid confounding from parity. The serum samples were analyzed for sixteen PFAAs using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We investigated the time trends for seven PFAAs, which were detected in more than 50% of the samples: perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA). We found that the serum levels of all seven PFAAs decreased during the period from 2008 to 2013; on average PFHxS decreased with 7.0% per year, PFHpS with 14.8%, PFOS with 9.3%, PFOA with 9.1%, PFNA with 6.2%, PFDA with 6.3%, and PFUnA with 7.1% per year. Adjustment for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), educational level and gestational age at blood sampling did not change the time trends much. To our knowledge, we are the first to report decreasing trends of PFNA, PFDA and PFUnA since year 2000, thereby indicating that the phase-out of these compounds are beginning to show an effect on human serum levels.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights The levels of seven PFAAs decreased between 2008 and 2013 in Danish pregnant women. This is the first study to find decreasing trends of PFNA, PFDA and PFUnA. PFOS was the main constituent followed by PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, PFDA, PFUnA and PFHpS. The levels of the seven PFAAs were positively correlated suggesting common sources.
Time trends of perfluorinated alkyl acids in serum from Danish pregnant women 2008–2013
Abstract We aimed to estimate the levels and time trends of perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) in serum of 1533 Danish pregnant nulliparous women between 2008 and 2013. The selection criterion of only including nulliparous women was chosen to avoid confounding from parity. The serum samples were analyzed for sixteen PFAAs using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We investigated the time trends for seven PFAAs, which were detected in more than 50% of the samples: perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA). We found that the serum levels of all seven PFAAs decreased during the period from 2008 to 2013; on average PFHxS decreased with 7.0% per year, PFHpS with 14.8%, PFOS with 9.3%, PFOA with 9.1%, PFNA with 6.2%, PFDA with 6.3%, and PFUnA with 7.1% per year. Adjustment for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), educational level and gestational age at blood sampling did not change the time trends much. To our knowledge, we are the first to report decreasing trends of PFNA, PFDA and PFUnA since year 2000, thereby indicating that the phase-out of these compounds are beginning to show an effect on human serum levels.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights The levels of seven PFAAs decreased between 2008 and 2013 in Danish pregnant women. This is the first study to find decreasing trends of PFNA, PFDA and PFUnA. PFOS was the main constituent followed by PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, PFDA, PFUnA and PFHpS. The levels of the seven PFAAs were positively correlated suggesting common sources.
Time trends of perfluorinated alkyl acids in serum from Danish pregnant women 2008–2013
Bjerregaard-Olesen, Christian (author) / Bach, Cathrine C. (author) / Long, Manhai (author) / Ghisari, Mandana (author) / Bossi, Rossana (author) / Bech, Bodil H. (author) / Nohr, Ellen A. (author) / Henriksen, Tine B. (author) / Olsen, Jørn (author) / Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva C. (author)
Environmental International ; 91 ; 14-21
2016-02-05
8 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
BMI , body mass index , EPA , environmental protection agency , GM , geometric mean , LC , liquid chromatography , LOD , limit of detection , LOQ , limit of quantification , MS , mass spectrometry , PFAA , perfluorinated alkyl acid , PFBS , perfluorobutane sulfonate , PFCA , perfluorinated carboxylic acid , PFDA , perfluorodecanoate , PFDoA , perfluorododecanoate , PFDS , perfluorodecane sulfonate , PFHpA , perfluoroheptanoate , PFHpS , perfluoroheptane sulfonate , PFHxA , perfluorohexanoate , PFHxS , perfluorohexane sulfonate , PFNA , perfluorononanoate , PFOA , perfluorooctanoate , PFOS , perfluorooctane sulfonate , PFOSA , perfluorooctane sulfonamide , PFPeA , perfluoropentanoate , PFSA , perfluorinated sulfonic acid , PFTeA , perfluorotetradecanoate , PFTrA , perfluorotridecanoate , PFUnA , perfluoroundecanoate , REACH , Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals , Bio-monitoring , Pregnant women , Perfluorinated compounds , Serum concentrations , Temporal changes , Trends
Time trends of perfluorinated alkyl acids in serum from Danish pregnant women 2008–2013
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