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PBDEs in the atmosphere over the Asian marginal seas, and the Indian and Atlantic oceans
Abstract Air samples were collected from Jan 16 to Mar 14, 2008 onboard the Oceanic II- The Scholar Ship which navigated an east–west transect from Shanghai to Cape Verde, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in these samples. PBDE concentrations in the atmosphere over the open seas were influenced by proximity to source areas and land, and air mass origins. The concentrations of Σ21PBDEs over the East and South China Seas, the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean were 10.8 ± 6.13, 3.22 ± 1.57, 5.12 ± 3.56, and 2.87 ± 1.81 pg m−3, respectively. BDE-47 and -99 were the dominant congeners in all the samples, suggesting that the widely used commercial penta-BDE products were the original sources. Over some parts of Atlantic and Indian Ocean, daytime concentrations of BDE-47 and BDE-99 were higher than the concentrations at night. The strong atmospheric variability does not always coincide with a diurnal cycle, but the variability in air concentrations in such remote areas of the ocean remains strong. No significant trends were found for each of PBDE congener with latitude.
Highlights ► Air samples were collected over the open seas from Shanghai to Cape Verde. ► PBDE concentrations were influenced by proximity to source areas. ► BDE-47 and -99 were dominant congeners in all samples. ► No significant trends were found for all PBDE congeners with latitude.
PBDEs in the atmosphere over the Asian marginal seas, and the Indian and Atlantic oceans
Abstract Air samples were collected from Jan 16 to Mar 14, 2008 onboard the Oceanic II- The Scholar Ship which navigated an east–west transect from Shanghai to Cape Verde, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in these samples. PBDE concentrations in the atmosphere over the open seas were influenced by proximity to source areas and land, and air mass origins. The concentrations of Σ21PBDEs over the East and South China Seas, the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean were 10.8 ± 6.13, 3.22 ± 1.57, 5.12 ± 3.56, and 2.87 ± 1.81 pg m−3, respectively. BDE-47 and -99 were the dominant congeners in all the samples, suggesting that the widely used commercial penta-BDE products were the original sources. Over some parts of Atlantic and Indian Ocean, daytime concentrations of BDE-47 and BDE-99 were higher than the concentrations at night. The strong atmospheric variability does not always coincide with a diurnal cycle, but the variability in air concentrations in such remote areas of the ocean remains strong. No significant trends were found for each of PBDE congener with latitude.
Highlights ► Air samples were collected over the open seas from Shanghai to Cape Verde. ► PBDE concentrations were influenced by proximity to source areas. ► BDE-47 and -99 were dominant congeners in all samples. ► No significant trends were found for all PBDE congeners with latitude.
PBDEs in the atmosphere over the Asian marginal seas, and the Indian and Atlantic oceans
Li, Jun (author) / Li, Qilu (author) / Gioia, Rosalinda (author) / Zhang, Yanlin (author) / Zhang, Gan (author) / Li, Xiangdong (author) / Spiro, Baruch (author) / Bhatia, Ravinder S. (author) / Jones, Kevin C. (author)
Atmospheric Environment ; 45 ; 6622-6628
2011-09-05
7 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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