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Advances in alkali-activation of clay minerals
Abstract To future-proof alkali-activation technology, there is a need to look beyond well-established precursors such as fly ash and blast furnace slag, due to resource competition, geographical distribution and technical limitations. Clay minerals are abundant and diverse aluminosilicate resources available around the world. However, due to the mineralogical complexity amongst the most common 1:1 (kaolinite, halloysite) and 2:1 (montmorillonite, illite) clay minerals, and practical issues such as workability, their use has been more limited. Recent advances have improved understanding both of pre-activation treatments (thermal, mechanical, chemical), and of the factors influencing clay reactivity, phase assemblages and properties of final products. This opens new opportunities for the exploitation of these resources to produce sustainable cements. A one-size-fits-all approach for processing and activating clay minerals is not viable. Instead, activation routes need to be tailored according to the clay mineralogy to achieve the binder properties required for key applications.
Highlights Alkali-activated materials can be made from widespread clay minerals Clay type and treatment conditions influence fresh properties and phase formation Lower crystallinity clay deposits are promising for scaled up production A one-size-fits-all approach cannot be used for different clay minerals
Advances in alkali-activation of clay minerals
Abstract To future-proof alkali-activation technology, there is a need to look beyond well-established precursors such as fly ash and blast furnace slag, due to resource competition, geographical distribution and technical limitations. Clay minerals are abundant and diverse aluminosilicate resources available around the world. However, due to the mineralogical complexity amongst the most common 1:1 (kaolinite, halloysite) and 2:1 (montmorillonite, illite) clay minerals, and practical issues such as workability, their use has been more limited. Recent advances have improved understanding both of pre-activation treatments (thermal, mechanical, chemical), and of the factors influencing clay reactivity, phase assemblages and properties of final products. This opens new opportunities for the exploitation of these resources to produce sustainable cements. A one-size-fits-all approach for processing and activating clay minerals is not viable. Instead, activation routes need to be tailored according to the clay mineralogy to achieve the binder properties required for key applications.
Highlights Alkali-activated materials can be made from widespread clay minerals Clay type and treatment conditions influence fresh properties and phase formation Lower crystallinity clay deposits are promising for scaled up production A one-size-fits-all approach cannot be used for different clay minerals
Advances in alkali-activation of clay minerals
Khalifa, Ahmed Z. (author) / Cizer, Özlem (author) / Pontikes, Yiannis (author) / Heath, Andrew (author) / Patureau, Pascaline (author) / Bernal, Susan A. (author) / Marsh, Alastair T.M. (author)
2020-03-19
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Alkali activation behaviour of un-calcined montmorillonite and illite clay minerals
| Elsevier | 2018
Alteration of swelling clay minerals by acid activation
| Elsevier | 2009