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Piperazine aerosol mitigation for post-combustion carbon capture
Highlights A baghouse with carbon and Ca(OH)2 injection minimizes piperazine aerosol emissions. SO3 injection increases piperazine aerosol. Increased lean solvent temperature reduces piperazine aerosol. Increased residence time in the water wash reduces piperazine aerosol.
Abstract Amine loss as aerosol is still a challenge for reliable long-term operations in amine scrubbing units. While attempts have been made to understand, predict, and mitigate amine aerosol growth in the absorber, demonstration of the mitigation of piperazine (PZ) aerosol has not been published. This paper presents results from a comprehensive emission study using 5 m PZ. The focus of this work is not to validate growth mechanisms, but to provide data from which existing hypotheses can be analyzed. PZ aerosol at the water wash outlet was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and an Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI+). Two mitigation strategies were successfully implemented during episodes of PZ aerosol emission. These episodes resulted from the presence of SO3 in the flue gas due to periods of sub-optimal SO3 removal upstream of the CO2 capture facility. Four weeks of aerosol tests were also run with 0–6 ppm of SO3 generated and injected into the flue gas to evaluate the resilience of the mitigation strategies. The first approach to aerosol emission mitigation was to remove aerosol nuclei present in the flue gas. The second approach was to run the absorber with flue gas containing varying SO3 at conditions that accelerate aerosol nuclei growth and collection within the packing. SO3 control via hydrated lime addition upstream of the absorber eliminated aerosol while higher lean solvent temperature in the absorber and a two-stage water wash configuration were tested to accelerate aerosol nuclei growth and collection. Increasing the lean solvent temperature by 11 °C and using a two-stage water wash resulted in 98% reduction of PZ emissions. Absorber performance at the elevated lean solvent temperature was sustained in the existing packing with solvent intercooling. PZ emissions were managed to less than 1 ppm for extended periods during the pilot plant campaign.
Piperazine aerosol mitigation for post-combustion carbon capture
Highlights A baghouse with carbon and Ca(OH)2 injection minimizes piperazine aerosol emissions. SO3 injection increases piperazine aerosol. Increased lean solvent temperature reduces piperazine aerosol. Increased residence time in the water wash reduces piperazine aerosol.
Abstract Amine loss as aerosol is still a challenge for reliable long-term operations in amine scrubbing units. While attempts have been made to understand, predict, and mitigate amine aerosol growth in the absorber, demonstration of the mitigation of piperazine (PZ) aerosol has not been published. This paper presents results from a comprehensive emission study using 5 m PZ. The focus of this work is not to validate growth mechanisms, but to provide data from which existing hypotheses can be analyzed. PZ aerosol at the water wash outlet was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and an Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI+). Two mitigation strategies were successfully implemented during episodes of PZ aerosol emission. These episodes resulted from the presence of SO3 in the flue gas due to periods of sub-optimal SO3 removal upstream of the CO2 capture facility. Four weeks of aerosol tests were also run with 0–6 ppm of SO3 generated and injected into the flue gas to evaluate the resilience of the mitigation strategies. The first approach to aerosol emission mitigation was to remove aerosol nuclei present in the flue gas. The second approach was to run the absorber with flue gas containing varying SO3 at conditions that accelerate aerosol nuclei growth and collection within the packing. SO3 control via hydrated lime addition upstream of the absorber eliminated aerosol while higher lean solvent temperature in the absorber and a two-stage water wash configuration were tested to accelerate aerosol nuclei growth and collection. Increasing the lean solvent temperature by 11 °C and using a two-stage water wash resulted in 98% reduction of PZ emissions. Absorber performance at the elevated lean solvent temperature was sustained in the existing packing with solvent intercooling. PZ emissions were managed to less than 1 ppm for extended periods during the pilot plant campaign.
Piperazine aerosol mitigation for post-combustion carbon capture
Akinpelumi, Korede (author) / Saha, Chiranjib (author) / Rochelle, Gary T. (author)
2019-09-24
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English