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The formation mechanism of low-angle loess-mudstone seismic landslides
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9478-637X
Abstract Seismic-induced landslides represent intricate geological phenomena requiring a multidisciplinary investigative approach. This study examines the formation mechanisms of low-angle loess-mudstone landslides triggered by the 1920 Haiyuan M8.5 earthquake. We employ a synthesis of field investigations, high-density electrical resistivity tests, drilling, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations. High-density resistivity results support the identified zone at the loess-mudstone interface, indicating a saturated area prone to liquefaction. Dynamic triaxial tests further verify liquefaction occurrences during seismic events within this zone. Additionally, numerical simulations conducted with FLAC2D and the PM4Silt constitutive model provide valuable insights into the temporal and spatial progression of landslides. The liquefaction zone experiences severe shear strain, precisely aligning with the location of the sliding band. Shear strain time-history analyses elucidate early manifestations and time-dependent behaviors at interfaces, providing a nuanced understanding of deformation patterns. The study delineates a comprehensive failure mechanism, unraveling how liquefaction in the saturated loess layer initiates in the upper and toe regions, subsequently propagating throughout the slope. Tension in the upper part and compressive uplift at the toe manifest, resulting in overall landslide movement. These findings highlight the significance of differential shear strain, leading to a layered shear deformation zone. The results yield invaluable insights for seismic stability assessments in regions with similar geological characteristics. This research not only advances the understanding of earthquake-induced landslides but also demonstrates the synergy between field investigations, advanced geotechnical testing, and numerical modeling in unraveling complex geological processes.
Highlights Many landslides triggered by the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake display distinct characteristics such as low angel, a dual-layer structure, sliding surface at the loess-mudstone interface, and layered shear structure. Field surveys have revealed the presence of a water-rich loess layer at the loess-mudstone interface, and laboratory tests have exposed the potential for liquefaction in this moisture-rich loess aquifer. Using the PM4Silt model, numerical simulations reveal dynamic loess behavior during earthquakes, with liquefaction initiating at loess-mudstone interface, expanding, and leading to layered shear deformation.
The formation mechanism of low-angle loess-mudstone seismic landslides
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9478-637X
Abstract Seismic-induced landslides represent intricate geological phenomena requiring a multidisciplinary investigative approach. This study examines the formation mechanisms of low-angle loess-mudstone landslides triggered by the 1920 Haiyuan M8.5 earthquake. We employ a synthesis of field investigations, high-density electrical resistivity tests, drilling, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations. High-density resistivity results support the identified zone at the loess-mudstone interface, indicating a saturated area prone to liquefaction. Dynamic triaxial tests further verify liquefaction occurrences during seismic events within this zone. Additionally, numerical simulations conducted with FLAC2D and the PM4Silt constitutive model provide valuable insights into the temporal and spatial progression of landslides. The liquefaction zone experiences severe shear strain, precisely aligning with the location of the sliding band. Shear strain time-history analyses elucidate early manifestations and time-dependent behaviors at interfaces, providing a nuanced understanding of deformation patterns. The study delineates a comprehensive failure mechanism, unraveling how liquefaction in the saturated loess layer initiates in the upper and toe regions, subsequently propagating throughout the slope. Tension in the upper part and compressive uplift at the toe manifest, resulting in overall landslide movement. These findings highlight the significance of differential shear strain, leading to a layered shear deformation zone. The results yield invaluable insights for seismic stability assessments in regions with similar geological characteristics. This research not only advances the understanding of earthquake-induced landslides but also demonstrates the synergy between field investigations, advanced geotechnical testing, and numerical modeling in unraveling complex geological processes.
Highlights Many landslides triggered by the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake display distinct characteristics such as low angel, a dual-layer structure, sliding surface at the loess-mudstone interface, and layered shear structure. Field surveys have revealed the presence of a water-rich loess layer at the loess-mudstone interface, and laboratory tests have exposed the potential for liquefaction in this moisture-rich loess aquifer. Using the PM4Silt model, numerical simulations reveal dynamic loess behavior during earthquakes, with liquefaction initiating at loess-mudstone interface, expanding, and leading to layered shear deformation.
The formation mechanism of low-angle loess-mudstone seismic landslides
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9478-637X
Abstract Seismic-induced landslides represent intricate geological phenomena requiring a multidisciplinary investigative approach. This study examines the formation mechanisms of low-angle loess-mudstone landslides triggered by the 1920 Haiyuan M8.5 earthquake. We employ a synthesis of field investigations, high-density electrical resistivity tests, drilling, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations. High-density resistivity results support the identified zone at the loess-mudstone interface, indicating a saturated area prone to liquefaction. Dynamic triaxial tests further verify liquefaction occurrences during seismic events within this zone. Additionally, numerical simulations conducted with FLAC2D and the PM4Silt constitutive model provide valuable insights into the temporal and spatial progression of landslides. The liquefaction zone experiences severe shear strain, precisely aligning with the location of the sliding band. Shear strain time-history analyses elucidate early manifestations and time-dependent behaviors at interfaces, providing a nuanced understanding of deformation patterns. The study delineates a comprehensive failure mechanism, unraveling how liquefaction in the saturated loess layer initiates in the upper and toe regions, subsequently propagating throughout the slope. Tension in the upper part and compressive uplift at the toe manifest, resulting in overall landslide movement. These findings highlight the significance of differential shear strain, leading to a layered shear deformation zone. The results yield invaluable insights for seismic stability assessments in regions with similar geological characteristics. This research not only advances the understanding of earthquake-induced landslides but also demonstrates the synergy between field investigations, advanced geotechnical testing, and numerical modeling in unraveling complex geological processes.
Highlights Many landslides triggered by the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake display distinct characteristics such as low angel, a dual-layer structure, sliding surface at the loess-mudstone interface, and layered shear structure. Field surveys have revealed the presence of a water-rich loess layer at the loess-mudstone interface, and laboratory tests have exposed the potential for liquefaction in this moisture-rich loess aquifer. Using the PM4Silt model, numerical simulations reveal dynamic loess behavior during earthquakes, with liquefaction initiating at loess-mudstone interface, expanding, and leading to layered shear deformation.
The formation mechanism of low-angle loess-mudstone seismic landslides
Peng, Da (author) / Bo, Jingshan (author) / Qi, Wenhao (author) / Chang, Chaoyu (author) / Li, Xiaobo (author) / Duan, Yushi (author)
2024-03-14
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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