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Characteristics and triggers of earthquake-induced landslides of pyroclastic fall deposits: An example from Hachinohe during the 1968 M7.9 tokachi-Oki earthquake, Japan
Highlights The 1968 Tokachi-Oki earthquake triggered hundreds of highly mobile landslides of pyroclastics Landslides occurred on preferential slopes based on the seismic wave and hillslope morphology Volcano stratigraphy can be used to predict potential sites at which this type landslide will occur LiDAR images can be used to detect old and shallow landslides, even after a half-century
Abstract This work characterizes the geomorphological features and describes the factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides of pyroclastic fall deposits. Statistical analysis of the distribution of landslides caused by the 1968 M7.9 Tokachi-Oki earthquake and prior high-magnitude earthquakes was conducted using 0.5-m resolution Light Detection and Ranging data and aerial photographs. Most of the 1968 co-seismic landslides were shallower than 3.5 m and occurred on sliding surfaces with slope angles of less than 34° (average angle of 26.4°). The fitting relationship between the height and length of the 1968 co-seismic landslides was H = 0.226L with a modal apparent friction angle of 12-14°, indicating high mobility. The 1968 co-seismic landslide crowns were primarily located near ridge crests. The hillslope morphology and seismic Arias intensity direction greatly influenced the direction of the earthquake-induced landslides, which were predominantly oriented in a northwest-north-east direction. These earthquake-induced landslides occurred in a cluster where fine marginal portions of Towada-Hachinohe pyroclastic flow deposits, i.e., To-H (pfl), thinly (< 3 m) covered Towada-Hachinohe volcanic ash. Landslide surfaces were formed in the marginal To-H (pfl) layer. Light Detection and Ranging digital elevation model analysis suggests 84.7% of the 1968 co-seismic landslides were undercut by road or river incisions, which form convex slopes that reduce support for the downslope beds. This study supports a correlation between sensitive pyroclastic fall deposit materials and distribution, which can influence potential earthquake-induced landslides with putative seismic intensities of 5 or greater on the Japan Meteorological Agency scale.
Characteristics and triggers of earthquake-induced landslides of pyroclastic fall deposits: An example from Hachinohe during the 1968 M7.9 tokachi-Oki earthquake, Japan
Highlights The 1968 Tokachi-Oki earthquake triggered hundreds of highly mobile landslides of pyroclastics Landslides occurred on preferential slopes based on the seismic wave and hillslope morphology Volcano stratigraphy can be used to predict potential sites at which this type landslide will occur LiDAR images can be used to detect old and shallow landslides, even after a half-century
Abstract This work characterizes the geomorphological features and describes the factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides of pyroclastic fall deposits. Statistical analysis of the distribution of landslides caused by the 1968 M7.9 Tokachi-Oki earthquake and prior high-magnitude earthquakes was conducted using 0.5-m resolution Light Detection and Ranging data and aerial photographs. Most of the 1968 co-seismic landslides were shallower than 3.5 m and occurred on sliding surfaces with slope angles of less than 34° (average angle of 26.4°). The fitting relationship between the height and length of the 1968 co-seismic landslides was H = 0.226L with a modal apparent friction angle of 12-14°, indicating high mobility. The 1968 co-seismic landslide crowns were primarily located near ridge crests. The hillslope morphology and seismic Arias intensity direction greatly influenced the direction of the earthquake-induced landslides, which were predominantly oriented in a northwest-north-east direction. These earthquake-induced landslides occurred in a cluster where fine marginal portions of Towada-Hachinohe pyroclastic flow deposits, i.e., To-H (pfl), thinly (< 3 m) covered Towada-Hachinohe volcanic ash. Landslide surfaces were formed in the marginal To-H (pfl) layer. Light Detection and Ranging digital elevation model analysis suggests 84.7% of the 1968 co-seismic landslides were undercut by road or river incisions, which form convex slopes that reduce support for the downslope beds. This study supports a correlation between sensitive pyroclastic fall deposit materials and distribution, which can influence potential earthquake-induced landslides with putative seismic intensities of 5 or greater on the Japan Meteorological Agency scale.
Characteristics and triggers of earthquake-induced landslides of pyroclastic fall deposits: An example from Hachinohe during the 1968 M7.9 tokachi-Oki earthquake, Japan
Ling, Sixiang (author) / Chigira, Masahiro (author)
Engineering Geology ; 264
2019-09-14
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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