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A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Reef Breakwater Design for Burns Waterway Habor, Indiana
A 1:75-scale undistorted hydraulic model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a proposed segmented reef structure, oriented lakeward of the existing Bums Waterway Harbor breakwater, in reducing wave heights reaching the existing breakwaters. The model reproduced bathymeby which extended to an offshore depth of -46 ft in Lake Michigan, and the proposed reef breakwater was located in water depths ranging from -39 to -41 ft. The total area reproduced in the model was approximately 12,000 sq ft, representing about 3.7 square miles in the prototype. An 80-ft-long electrohydraulic, spectral wave generator and an Automated Data Acquisition and Control System were utilized in model operation. It was concluded from the model investigation that (a) the originally proposed reef breakwater plan (Plan 1) will result in excessive wave conditions (in excess of the established 15.0-ft wave height criterion) for 11.6-sec, 19.5-ft incident waves from 0 deg on the leeward side of the proposed reef breakwaters, regardless of its distance from the existing structure, (b) the shoreward toe of the reef breakwater should be located 75-ft lakeward of the existing breakwater's lakeward toe (This distance provides greater wave protection, with less stone volumes, than the other distances tested), (c) of the reef breakwater configurations tested with the 75-ft crest widths, Plan 4 (275-ft-long reef segments with three westernmost openings closed) was acceptableconsidering wave heights obtained in the lee of the structure for 11.6-sec, 19.5-ft incident waves from 0 deg, (d) the 75-ft-wide crest of the Plan 4 reef breakwater configuration can be reduced to 70 ft in width (Plan 5) and still provide acceptable wave protection in the lee of the structure for 11.6-sec, 19.5-ft incident wave conditions from 0 deg, (e) the Plan 5 reef configuration (275-ft-long reef segments with three westemmost openings closed and 70-ft crest widths) will result in acceptable wave heights in the existing harbor for 7- to 11.6-sec, 5-ft and 11.6-sec, 13-ft incident wave conditions, (f) considering wave protection provided in the lee of the reef breakwater and in the existing harbor for various incident wave conditions versus volume of construction materials required, the Plan 4 reef breakwater configuration was selected as optimum, based on the plans tested, and (g) the optimum reef breakwater configuration, in conjunction with the existing breakwater (Plan 6), will have no adverse impacts on wave-induced current patterns and/or magnitudes lakeward of the existing structure.
Reef Breakwater Design for Burns Waterway Habor, Indiana
A 1:75-scale undistorted hydraulic model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a proposed segmented reef structure, oriented lakeward of the existing Bums Waterway Harbor breakwater, in reducing wave heights reaching the existing breakwaters. The model reproduced bathymeby which extended to an offshore depth of -46 ft in Lake Michigan, and the proposed reef breakwater was located in water depths ranging from -39 to -41 ft. The total area reproduced in the model was approximately 12,000 sq ft, representing about 3.7 square miles in the prototype. An 80-ft-long electrohydraulic, spectral wave generator and an Automated Data Acquisition and Control System were utilized in model operation. It was concluded from the model investigation that (a) the originally proposed reef breakwater plan (Plan 1) will result in excessive wave conditions (in excess of the established 15.0-ft wave height criterion) for 11.6-sec, 19.5-ft incident waves from 0 deg on the leeward side of the proposed reef breakwaters, regardless of its distance from the existing structure, (b) the shoreward toe of the reef breakwater should be located 75-ft lakeward of the existing breakwater's lakeward toe (This distance provides greater wave protection, with less stone volumes, than the other distances tested), (c) of the reef breakwater configurations tested with the 75-ft crest widths, Plan 4 (275-ft-long reef segments with three westernmost openings closed) was acceptableconsidering wave heights obtained in the lee of the structure for 11.6-sec, 19.5-ft incident waves from 0 deg, (d) the 75-ft-wide crest of the Plan 4 reef breakwater configuration can be reduced to 70 ft in width (Plan 5) and still provide acceptable wave protection in the lee of the structure for 11.6-sec, 19.5-ft incident wave conditions from 0 deg, (e) the Plan 5 reef configuration (275-ft-long reef segments with three westemmost openings closed and 70-ft crest widths) will result in acceptable wave heights in the existing harbor for 7- to 11.6-sec, 5-ft and 11.6-sec, 13-ft incident wave conditions, (f) considering wave protection provided in the lee of the reef breakwater and in the existing harbor for various incident wave conditions versus volume of construction materials required, the Plan 4 reef breakwater configuration was selected as optimum, based on the plans tested, and (g) the optimum reef breakwater configuration, in conjunction with the existing breakwater (Plan 6), will have no adverse impacts on wave-induced current patterns and/or magnitudes lakeward of the existing structure.
Reef Breakwater Design for Burns Waterway Habor, Indiana
Acuff, Hugh F. (author) / Bottin, Robert R. Jr. (author) / U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. (editor) / Coastal Engineering Research Center (U.S.) (editor)
1995
5751277
Report
Electronic Resource
English
Reef Breakwater Wave-Attenuation and Stability Tests, Burns Waterway Harbor, Indiana
| HENRY – Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute (BAW) | 1995
Stability of proposed breakwater, Burns Waterway Harbor, Indiana
| Engineering Index Backfile | 1967