A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Henkiloturvallisuuden Kehittaminen Maanalaisissa Tiloissa Paloriskeja Pienentamalla. Tehtave B: Poistumisturvallisuus (Improvement of Fire Safety in Underground Spaces. Task B: Evacuation Safety)
The first part of this publication describes evacuation and the design of evacuation routes on a general level and also the behavior of people during evacuation. It is followed by a presentation of methods for calculation of evacuation and a literature survey of calculation methods for underground spaces. Scientific literature on human behavior in fires in underground spaces seems to be very scarce. Most of the available information is related to traffic tunnels which, however, are outside of the scope of this investigation. Underground spaces have a number of special features which may influence the behavior of people. Such features are for instance difficulties to perceive an underground space and the internal connections of its different parts, which may impede finding the shortest route to safety. The absence of windows makes it difficult for evacuees to form a point of reference which complicates orientation in underground spaces. Many individuals feel claustrophobic in underground spaces, which may be further emphasized in fire situations. Smoke and combustion products have a tendency to enter stairwells unless sufficient preventive measures have been taken. The latter part of the publication deals with evacuation simulations applied on four different types of underground spaces. The case studies were: an air raid shelter used as a car park, an air raid shelter used as a sports hall, an underground station and a service tunnel. The evacuation calculations were carried out using both a computer simulation program and a manual calculation method. The results obtained appear to be qualitatively correct.
Henkiloturvallisuuden Kehittaminen Maanalaisissa Tiloissa Paloriskeja Pienentamalla. Tehtave B: Poistumisturvallisuus (Improvement of Fire Safety in Underground Spaces. Task B: Evacuation Safety)
The first part of this publication describes evacuation and the design of evacuation routes on a general level and also the behavior of people during evacuation. It is followed by a presentation of methods for calculation of evacuation and a literature survey of calculation methods for underground spaces. Scientific literature on human behavior in fires in underground spaces seems to be very scarce. Most of the available information is related to traffic tunnels which, however, are outside of the scope of this investigation. Underground spaces have a number of special features which may influence the behavior of people. Such features are for instance difficulties to perceive an underground space and the internal connections of its different parts, which may impede finding the shortest route to safety. The absence of windows makes it difficult for evacuees to form a point of reference which complicates orientation in underground spaces. Many individuals feel claustrophobic in underground spaces, which may be further emphasized in fire situations. Smoke and combustion products have a tendency to enter stairwells unless sufficient preventive measures have been taken. The latter part of the publication deals with evacuation simulations applied on four different types of underground spaces. The case studies were: an air raid shelter used as a car park, an air raid shelter used as a sports hall, an underground station and a service tunnel. The evacuation calculations were carried out using both a computer simulation program and a manual calculation method. The results obtained appear to be qualitatively correct.
Henkiloturvallisuuden Kehittaminen Maanalaisissa Tiloissa Paloriskeja Pienentamalla. Tehtave B: Poistumisturvallisuus (Improvement of Fire Safety in Underground Spaces. Task B: Evacuation Safety)
H. Weckman (author)
2005
111 pages
Report
No indication
English
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