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A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Alkali-Silica Reaction Mitigation: State-of-the-Art
This report gathers the state-of-the-art in alkali silica reaction (ASR) in concrete, and ASR mitigation techniques, in preparation for a more detailed study to be submitted to Congress in response to Public Law 106-398 (HR 4205). Mitigation techniques from various states in the U.S., and from various countries and international organizations, were assessed and summarized. A set of recommended mitigation procedures was developed, which is being implemented in the current and upcoming Tri-Service guide specifications on concrete. In particular, the recommended methodology requires the replacement of cement by Class F or N fly ash (25% to 40% by weight), or ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) Grade 100 or 120 (40% to 50% by weight), or a combination of both. The Class F or N fly ash should also have a maximum of 1.5% available alkali, a maximum 6% loss on ignition, and a maximum of 8% CaO. In addition to mitigating ASR, these cement replacements are expected to: (1) reduce concrete costs, (2) significantly enhance the durability of concrete, (3) increase fly ash and GGBFS recycling, and (4) support the 1997 Kyoto protocol by significantly reducing CO2 production. If 25% of all cement were to be replaced, total savings to the United States economy could be in excess of $1 billion every year.
Alkali-Silica Reaction Mitigation: State-of-the-Art
This report gathers the state-of-the-art in alkali silica reaction (ASR) in concrete, and ASR mitigation techniques, in preparation for a more detailed study to be submitted to Congress in response to Public Law 106-398 (HR 4205). Mitigation techniques from various states in the U.S., and from various countries and international organizations, were assessed and summarized. A set of recommended mitigation procedures was developed, which is being implemented in the current and upcoming Tri-Service guide specifications on concrete. In particular, the recommended methodology requires the replacement of cement by Class F or N fly ash (25% to 40% by weight), or ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) Grade 100 or 120 (40% to 50% by weight), or a combination of both. The Class F or N fly ash should also have a maximum of 1.5% available alkali, a maximum 6% loss on ignition, and a maximum of 8% CaO. In addition to mitigating ASR, these cement replacements are expected to: (1) reduce concrete costs, (2) significantly enhance the durability of concrete, (3) increase fly ash and GGBFS recycling, and (4) support the 1997 Kyoto protocol by significantly reducing CO2 production. If 25% of all cement were to be replaced, total savings to the United States economy could be in excess of $1 billion every year.
Alkali-Silica Reaction Mitigation: State-of-the-Art
L. J. Malvar (author) / G. D. Cline (author) / D. F. Burke (author) / R. Rollings (author) / J. Greene (author)
2001
45 pages
Report
No indication
English
Physical & Theoretical Chemistry , Chemical reactions , State of the art , Concrete , Fly ash , Strength(Mechanics) , Air entrainment , Aggregates(Materials) , Landing fields , Waste recycling , Slags , Military facilities , Lithium , Asr(Alkali silica reaction) , Asr mitigation , Alkali-aggregate reaction , Ggbfs(Ground granulated blast furnace slag) , Silica fume , Beneficial admixtures , Mitigation procedures
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