A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Sulfur Mustard Degradation on Ambient and Moist Concrete
The reactivity, rate, and products for sulfur mustard were measured on ambient and moist concrete using C13 solid-state magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (SSMAS NMR). Three samples of concrete made by the same formulation, but differing in age and alkalinity, were used. A portion of sulfur mustard directly formed 8 to 31% vinyl moieties on the newer, more alkaline concrete sample. The balance of the sulfur mustard degraded to thiodiglycol and 1,4-oxathiane via the intermediate sulfonium ions CH-TG, H-TG, H-2TG, and O(CH2CH2)2S(+)CH2CH2OH on all of the concrete samples. The degradation of sulfur mustard occurred more quickly at elevated temperatures and with added water; half-lives on ambient substrates at 22 deg C ranged from 3.5 to 54 weeks on ambient concrete, with no reaction on ambient limestone. On moistened substrates the degradation half-lives at 22 deg C ranged from 75 to 350 hr. The Arrhenius activation energies were 47 kJ/mol on ambient concrete and 86 kJ/mol on moist concrete. The toxic sulfonium ions, which were the first product of the degradation, persisted for months to years on concrete at 22 deg C and weeks to months on concrete at 35 deg C.
Sulfur Mustard Degradation on Ambient and Moist Concrete
The reactivity, rate, and products for sulfur mustard were measured on ambient and moist concrete using C13 solid-state magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (SSMAS NMR). Three samples of concrete made by the same formulation, but differing in age and alkalinity, were used. A portion of sulfur mustard directly formed 8 to 31% vinyl moieties on the newer, more alkaline concrete sample. The balance of the sulfur mustard degraded to thiodiglycol and 1,4-oxathiane via the intermediate sulfonium ions CH-TG, H-TG, H-2TG, and O(CH2CH2)2S(+)CH2CH2OH on all of the concrete samples. The degradation of sulfur mustard occurred more quickly at elevated temperatures and with added water; half-lives on ambient substrates at 22 deg C ranged from 3.5 to 54 weeks on ambient concrete, with no reaction on ambient limestone. On moistened substrates the degradation half-lives at 22 deg C ranged from 75 to 350 hr. The Arrhenius activation energies were 47 kJ/mol on ambient concrete and 86 kJ/mol on moist concrete. The toxic sulfonium ions, which were the first product of the degradation, persisted for months to years on concrete at 22 deg C and weeks to months on concrete at 35 deg C.
Sulfur Mustard Degradation on Ambient and Moist Concrete
C. A. Brevett (author) / K. B. Sumpter (author)
2008
25 pages
Report
No indication
English
Physical & Theoretical Chemistry , Chemical, Biological, & Radiological Warfare , Concrete , Decomposition , Mustard agents , Reaction kinetics , Alkalinity , Reactivities , Moisture , Nuclear magnetic resonance , Sulfonium ions , Sulfur mustard kinetics , Ssmas nmr(Solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance) , C13 nmr
| Taylor & Francis Verlag | 2017
Fate of sulfur mustard on soil: Evaporation, degradation, and vapor emission
| Online Contents | 2016
Fate of sulfur mustard on soil: Evaporation, degradation, and vapor emission
| Online Contents | 2017