A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Fire Safety Requirements and Criteria for Dwellings
This report attempts to present a rational framework concerning how fires start and spread so that reasonable requirements and criteria can be established to protect the public. A limited number of fire safety requirements for buildings are implicit in most city, State, and Federal regulations or building codes. Requirements pertain to the movement and safety of occupants and firemen, reduction of the risk of fire outbreak, fire propagation, fire containment, building integrity, and smoke. These requirements are outlined in relation to single-family residences and detached lodging houses, multifamily low-rise apartment houses, and multifamily high-rise apartment houses. The fire time frame, from ignition to flashover, is discussed. Before flashover, there is a net energy absorption at the bounding surfaces of the room and its contents. After flashover, there is a net energy release at combustible bounding surfaces due to the sustained burning of gases pyrolyzed from surfaces. The importance of human activity in fire ignition and spread is emphasized. Three dimensions of system design for fire safety involve: (1) minimizing the incidence of unwanted ignition and fire spread; (2) minimizing damage caused by fire spread through passive means such as choice of materials and layout; and (3) minimizing damage caused by fire spread through active subsystems for fire suppression, rescue, and damage control. Fire growth is modeled as a physical and chemical problem. Graphical illustrations are provided.
Fire Safety Requirements and Criteria for Dwellings
This report attempts to present a rational framework concerning how fires start and spread so that reasonable requirements and criteria can be established to protect the public. A limited number of fire safety requirements for buildings are implicit in most city, State, and Federal regulations or building codes. Requirements pertain to the movement and safety of occupants and firemen, reduction of the risk of fire outbreak, fire propagation, fire containment, building integrity, and smoke. These requirements are outlined in relation to single-family residences and detached lodging houses, multifamily low-rise apartment houses, and multifamily high-rise apartment houses. The fire time frame, from ignition to flashover, is discussed. Before flashover, there is a net energy absorption at the bounding surfaces of the room and its contents. After flashover, there is a net energy release at combustible bounding surfaces due to the sustained burning of gases pyrolyzed from surfaces. The importance of human activity in fire ignition and spread is emphasized. Three dimensions of system design for fire safety involve: (1) minimizing the incidence of unwanted ignition and fire spread; (2) minimizing damage caused by fire spread through passive means such as choice of materials and layout; and (3) minimizing damage caused by fire spread through active subsystems for fire suppression, rescue, and damage control. Fire growth is modeled as a physical and chemical problem. Graphical illustrations are provided.
Fire Safety Requirements and Criteria for Dwellings
R. B. Williamson (author)
1975
20 pages
Report
No indication
English
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