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Detection, occurrence, and removal of selected pharmaceuticals in Missouri source and finished drinking waters
A simple, sensitive, and selective solid phase extraction - ultra-fast liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UFLC-MS/MS) method was developed and applied for the analysis of selected important pharmaceutical compounds in source and finished drinking waters. The method detected the following six pharmaceuticals, cotinine, cephapirin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacein, azithromycin, and diphenhydramine, at sub-μg/L level in multiple water matrices after pre-concentration by SPE. Cotinine-d 3 and 13 C 3 15 N-Ciprofloxacin were used as internal standards for accurate quantitation. This method was validated through spike recoveries (67-129%), reproducibility (RSD: 2.3-15.7%), and method detection limits (MDLs: 2-5 ng/L). The method was used to test for occurrence of these pharmaceuticals in source and drinking waters from 13 Missouri water treatment facilities in four different seasons. In general, higher detection frequency and concentrations of pharmaceuticals were observed in colder months due presumably to less dilution (at lower flows) and slower degradation. The PPCP removals by different activated carbons were also evaluated. The occurrence and removal results in this study provide valuable information to help water treatment facilities taking appropriate strategies for better control of trace pharmaceuticals in drinking water.
Detection, occurrence, and removal of selected pharmaceuticals in Missouri source and finished drinking waters
A simple, sensitive, and selective solid phase extraction - ultra-fast liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UFLC-MS/MS) method was developed and applied for the analysis of selected important pharmaceutical compounds in source and finished drinking waters. The method detected the following six pharmaceuticals, cotinine, cephapirin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacein, azithromycin, and diphenhydramine, at sub-μg/L level in multiple water matrices after pre-concentration by SPE. Cotinine-d 3 and 13 C 3 15 N-Ciprofloxacin were used as internal standards for accurate quantitation. This method was validated through spike recoveries (67-129%), reproducibility (RSD: 2.3-15.7%), and method detection limits (MDLs: 2-5 ng/L). The method was used to test for occurrence of these pharmaceuticals in source and drinking waters from 13 Missouri water treatment facilities in four different seasons. In general, higher detection frequency and concentrations of pharmaceuticals were observed in colder months due presumably to less dilution (at lower flows) and slower degradation. The PPCP removals by different activated carbons were also evaluated. The occurrence and removal results in this study provide valuable information to help water treatment facilities taking appropriate strategies for better control of trace pharmaceuticals in drinking water.
Detection, occurrence, and removal of selected pharmaceuticals in Missouri source and finished drinking waters
Mu, Ruipu (author) / Shi, Honglan / Adams, Craig / Eichholz, Todd / Ma, Yinfa
Urban water journal ; 14
2017
Article (Journal)
English
Method Detection Limits (MDLs) , Diphenhydramine , liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) , detection , Removal , Ciprofloxacin (CPF) , Cephapirin , collision cell exit potential (CXP) , Cotinine , collision energy (CE) , Drinking water , Powdered Activated Carbons (PAC) , Detection , pharmaceuticals , Aqua Nuchar (AN) , Dilution , Frequency , Matrices (mathematics) , the limit of quantitation (LOQ) , Cephapirin (CEP) , Liquid chromatography , Seasons , HydroDarco B (HB) , Degradation , Reproducibility , Hydrodarco 3000 (H3000) , Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) , Cotinine (COT) , acetonitrile (ACN) , Pharmaceuticals , Detection limits , drinking water , Standards , limit of detection (LOD) , Multiple-Reaction Monitoring (MRM) , Declustering Potential (DP) , Azithromycin , removal , Drugs , Information dissemination , Methodology , source water , Enrofloxacein (EFX) , Mass spectroscopy , Extracted Ion Chromatogram (XIC) , Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) , Activated carbon , Mass spectrometry , Solid Phase Extraction - Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (SPE-UFLC-MS/MS) , Analytical techniques , Test procedures , Azithromycin (AZI) , Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) , Analytical methods , Water treatment plants , Ciprofloxacin , Water treatment , Quantitation , Mass , Granular Activated Carbons (GAC)
| Taylor & Francis Verlag | 2017
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