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The Number of Hotspots in Mantle Convection: Effect of Depth-Dependent Viscosity and Internal Heating in Two-Dimensional Models
Abstract Two-dimensional numerical models of mantle convection have been calculated for a range of high Rayleigh numbers, depth-dependent viscosity and basal plus internal heating. Large aspect ratio boxes have been used in the calculations in order to estimate the expected areal density of upwellings in infinite fluid layers. The results are analyzed with regard to the number of the Earth’s hotspots which are assumed to be surface imprints of cylindrical upwellings in the mantle. For a pure whole-mantle situation, 6–7 upwellings can be expected. If the upper mantle convects separately above the 660 km discontinuity (allowing a second convective layer below 660 km depth), the theoretically estimated number of upper-mantle plumes can be as high as 250. Given the number of real hotspots (42 to 117 according to different compilations), it is suggested that the flow regime of the mantle is intermediate between the pure whole-mantle or pure two-layer circulation.
The Number of Hotspots in Mantle Convection: Effect of Depth-Dependent Viscosity and Internal Heating in Two-Dimensional Models
Abstract Two-dimensional numerical models of mantle convection have been calculated for a range of high Rayleigh numbers, depth-dependent viscosity and basal plus internal heating. Large aspect ratio boxes have been used in the calculations in order to estimate the expected areal density of upwellings in infinite fluid layers. The results are analyzed with regard to the number of the Earth’s hotspots which are assumed to be surface imprints of cylindrical upwellings in the mantle. For a pure whole-mantle situation, 6–7 upwellings can be expected. If the upper mantle convects separately above the 660 km discontinuity (allowing a second convective layer below 660 km depth), the theoretically estimated number of upper-mantle plumes can be as high as 250. Given the number of real hotspots (42 to 117 according to different compilations), it is suggested that the flow regime of the mantle is intermediate between the pure whole-mantle or pure two-layer circulation.
The Number of Hotspots in Mantle Convection: Effect of Depth-Dependent Viscosity and Internal Heating in Two-Dimensional Models
Galsa, A. (author) / Cserepes, L. (author)
2000
Article (Journal)
English
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