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Effect of Liquid Nitrogen Freezing on the Mechanical Strength and Fracture Morphology in a Deep Shale Gas Reservoir
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5917-0475
Abstract Liquid nitrogen ($ LN_{2} $) can dramatically deteriorate the rock and create more fractures in high-temperature reservoirs, such as deep hydrocarbon reservoirs. The present study systematically investigates the mechanical strength change and fracture morphology evolution in a deep shale gas reservoir subject to $ LN_{2} $ freezing. The mineral components of three shales were measured by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The uniaxial compressive and tensile experiments studied the mechanical strengths of shales under different $ LN_{2} $ freezing parameters. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyse microstructural changes. The results indicated that $ LN_{2} $ freezing could effectively increase pore volume and induce bedding planes and longitudinal fractures in the deep shale at a high temperature. The freezing cycle will generate complex fracture networks at micro and macro levels. Intergranular cracks easily occur between quartz particle boundaries. The shale with fewer clay minerals is a rational target for $ LN_{2} $ fracturing. Two regression models were developed to predict the uniaxial compressive and tensile strengths of deep shale after $ LN_{2} $ freezing. The crucial findings are expected to provide fundamental guidance for developing deep shale resources in a feasible and environmentally acceptable way.
Highlights $ LN_{2} $ freezing can expand pore space and induce complex fractures in deep shale reservoirs.$ LN_{2} $ freezing has more damage effect on the deep shale with more clay mineralsThe brittle shale is a rational target for $ LN_{2} $ fracturing.Two models are developed to predict the uniaxial compressive and tensile strengths of deep shale by $ LN_{2} $ freezing.
Effect of Liquid Nitrogen Freezing on the Mechanical Strength and Fracture Morphology in a Deep Shale Gas Reservoir
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5917-0475
Abstract Liquid nitrogen ($ LN_{2} $) can dramatically deteriorate the rock and create more fractures in high-temperature reservoirs, such as deep hydrocarbon reservoirs. The present study systematically investigates the mechanical strength change and fracture morphology evolution in a deep shale gas reservoir subject to $ LN_{2} $ freezing. The mineral components of three shales were measured by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The uniaxial compressive and tensile experiments studied the mechanical strengths of shales under different $ LN_{2} $ freezing parameters. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyse microstructural changes. The results indicated that $ LN_{2} $ freezing could effectively increase pore volume and induce bedding planes and longitudinal fractures in the deep shale at a high temperature. The freezing cycle will generate complex fracture networks at micro and macro levels. Intergranular cracks easily occur between quartz particle boundaries. The shale with fewer clay minerals is a rational target for $ LN_{2} $ fracturing. Two regression models were developed to predict the uniaxial compressive and tensile strengths of deep shale after $ LN_{2} $ freezing. The crucial findings are expected to provide fundamental guidance for developing deep shale resources in a feasible and environmentally acceptable way.
Highlights $ LN_{2} $ freezing can expand pore space and induce complex fractures in deep shale reservoirs.$ LN_{2} $ freezing has more damage effect on the deep shale with more clay mineralsThe brittle shale is a rational target for $ LN_{2} $ fracturing.Two models are developed to predict the uniaxial compressive and tensile strengths of deep shale by $ LN_{2} $ freezing.
Effect of Liquid Nitrogen Freezing on the Mechanical Strength and Fracture Morphology in a Deep Shale Gas Reservoir
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5917-0475
Abstract Liquid nitrogen ($ LN_{2} $) can dramatically deteriorate the rock and create more fractures in high-temperature reservoirs, such as deep hydrocarbon reservoirs. The present study systematically investigates the mechanical strength change and fracture morphology evolution in a deep shale gas reservoir subject to $ LN_{2} $ freezing. The mineral components of three shales were measured by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The uniaxial compressive and tensile experiments studied the mechanical strengths of shales under different $ LN_{2} $ freezing parameters. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyse microstructural changes. The results indicated that $ LN_{2} $ freezing could effectively increase pore volume and induce bedding planes and longitudinal fractures in the deep shale at a high temperature. The freezing cycle will generate complex fracture networks at micro and macro levels. Intergranular cracks easily occur between quartz particle boundaries. The shale with fewer clay minerals is a rational target for $ LN_{2} $ fracturing. Two regression models were developed to predict the uniaxial compressive and tensile strengths of deep shale after $ LN_{2} $ freezing. The crucial findings are expected to provide fundamental guidance for developing deep shale resources in a feasible and environmentally acceptable way.
Highlights $ LN_{2} $ freezing can expand pore space and induce complex fractures in deep shale reservoirs.$ LN_{2} $ freezing has more damage effect on the deep shale with more clay mineralsThe brittle shale is a rational target for $ LN_{2} $ fracturing.Two models are developed to predict the uniaxial compressive and tensile strengths of deep shale by $ LN_{2} $ freezing.
Effect of Liquid Nitrogen Freezing on the Mechanical Strength and Fracture Morphology in a Deep Shale Gas Reservoir
Qu, Hai (author) / Li, Chengying (author) / Qi, Chengwei (author) / Chen, Xiangjun (author) / Xu, Yang (author) / Jun, Hong (author) / Wu, Xiaoguang (author)
2022
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
BKL:
38.58
Geomechanik
/
56.20
Ingenieurgeologie, Bodenmechanik
/
38.58$jGeomechanik
/
56.20$jIngenieurgeologie$jBodenmechanik
RVK:
ELIB41
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