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Hexabromocyclododecanes in the indoor environment of two cities in South China: their occurrence and implications of human inhalation exposure
Indoor and outdoor air samples were collected from two industrialized cities (Guangzhou and Foshan) in Southern China to determine the concentrations and diastereoisomer profiles of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in built environments. The mean concentrations of total HBCDs in air were 5.43 pg m−3 in homes, 8.21 pg m−3 in offices, 48.2 pg m−3 in other workplaces and 33.3 pg m−3 in the air outdoors. These HBCD levels are slightly higher than or comparable with those at the remote or urban sites in the United States, but are significantly lower than those in the European atmosphere. Diastereoisomer profiles of the samples indicated that α-HBCD was the dominant isomer, with a relative abundance ranging from 53.2% to 83.0%, which is notably different from its fractions in the air samples from the UK and the domestic technical-grade mixtures. Analysis of the gas-particle distribution showed that HBCDs were present predominantly (87.6–99.9%) in the particle phase. The estimated average daily human exposure to HBCDs via inhalation was 0.39 ng day−1 for adults, which is one order of magnitude lower than the values (5.0 and 5.47 ng day−1) for the UK adults reported in two other studies. Further air and dust sampling and continued monitoring are needed to improve our understanding of human exposure to HBCDs.
Hexabromocyclododecanes in the indoor environment of two cities in South China: their occurrence and implications of human inhalation exposure
Indoor and outdoor air samples were collected from two industrialized cities (Guangzhou and Foshan) in Southern China to determine the concentrations and diastereoisomer profiles of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in built environments. The mean concentrations of total HBCDs in air were 5.43 pg m−3 in homes, 8.21 pg m−3 in offices, 48.2 pg m−3 in other workplaces and 33.3 pg m−3 in the air outdoors. These HBCD levels are slightly higher than or comparable with those at the remote or urban sites in the United States, but are significantly lower than those in the European atmosphere. Diastereoisomer profiles of the samples indicated that α-HBCD was the dominant isomer, with a relative abundance ranging from 53.2% to 83.0%, which is notably different from its fractions in the air samples from the UK and the domestic technical-grade mixtures. Analysis of the gas-particle distribution showed that HBCDs were present predominantly (87.6–99.9%) in the particle phase. The estimated average daily human exposure to HBCDs via inhalation was 0.39 ng day−1 for adults, which is one order of magnitude lower than the values (5.0 and 5.47 ng day−1) for the UK adults reported in two other studies. Further air and dust sampling and continued monitoring are needed to improve our understanding of human exposure to HBCDs.
Hexabromocyclododecanes in the indoor environment of two cities in South China: their occurrence and implications of human inhalation exposure
Hong, Jianwen (author) / Gao, Shutao (author) / Chen, Laiguo (author) / Han, Qian (author) / Yu, Zhiqiang (author) / Peng, Pingan (author) / Fu, Jiamo (author)
Indoor and Built Environment ; 25 ; 41-49
2016-02-01
9 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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