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Variability of BTEX in Residential Indoor Air of Kolkata Metropolitan City
Mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, namely benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and isomers of xylene (BTEX) were studied within a group of typical urban residences. The average residential indoor levels of BTEX were 42.0, 69.3, 22.8, 52.1 and 21.6 µg·m−3, respectively. The indoor level was found to be significantly dependent on the type of fuel used and extent of ventilation but not on location of the residence or kitchen placement inside the residence. The average indoor/outdoor concentration ratio observed for BTEX > 1; and this indicates the presence of indoor sources for these compounds along with infiltration of outdoor air. The relative variability of the target compounds reveals that indoor sources, other than domestic fuel, like consumer products, cooking, etc., contribute significantly for xylenes and least for benzene. Also with increasing ventilation, the intrusion of outdoor air has definite contribution in increasing the indoor level in descending order for benzene, toluene, m-, p-xylene and ethylbenzene. For o-xylene, a removal effect was observed with increasing rate of ventilation.
The human health risk estimation reveals that the average integrated lifetime cancer risk considering the exposure to benzene and ethylbenzene due to residing for only 15 years in such indoor conditions is 2.9 E−05, which is sufficiently higher than the acceptable risk of 1.0 E−06.
Variability of BTEX in Residential Indoor Air of Kolkata Metropolitan City
Mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, namely benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and isomers of xylene (BTEX) were studied within a group of typical urban residences. The average residential indoor levels of BTEX were 42.0, 69.3, 22.8, 52.1 and 21.6 µg·m−3, respectively. The indoor level was found to be significantly dependent on the type of fuel used and extent of ventilation but not on location of the residence or kitchen placement inside the residence. The average indoor/outdoor concentration ratio observed for BTEX > 1; and this indicates the presence of indoor sources for these compounds along with infiltration of outdoor air. The relative variability of the target compounds reveals that indoor sources, other than domestic fuel, like consumer products, cooking, etc., contribute significantly for xylenes and least for benzene. Also with increasing ventilation, the intrusion of outdoor air has definite contribution in increasing the indoor level in descending order for benzene, toluene, m-, p-xylene and ethylbenzene. For o-xylene, a removal effect was observed with increasing rate of ventilation.
The human health risk estimation reveals that the average integrated lifetime cancer risk considering the exposure to benzene and ethylbenzene due to residing for only 15 years in such indoor conditions is 2.9 E−05, which is sufficiently higher than the acceptable risk of 1.0 E−06.
Variability of BTEX in Residential Indoor Air of Kolkata Metropolitan City
Majumdar (neé Som), D. (author) / Mukherjee, A.K. (author) / Mukhopadhaya, K. (author) / Sen, S. (author)
Indoor and Built Environment ; 21 ; 374-380
2012-06-01
7 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
Unknown
Risk assessment , Ventilation , BTEX , VOCs , Indoor pollution , Fuel
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