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Sulfonamides in the Environment as Veterinary Drugs
Summary SAs, a structurally related group of antibiotics containing a similar 4-aminobenzene sulfonamide backbone, are used in agriculture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, and also as human medicines. Competing with p-aminobenzoic acid in the enzymatic synthesis of dihydrofolic acid, SAs inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Once released to the environment, SAs distribute themselves among different environmental compartments, along with their degradation products, and are transported to surface water and groundwater. The physicochemical properties, the dosage applied and the nature of the environmental components with which they interact, govern the whole process. SAs, as a class, are less sorptive, impersistent, and leachable. They cannot be characterized as readily biodegradable. Their adsorption to soil increases with the aromaticity and electronegativity of functional groups attached to the sulfonyl phenyl amine core. Preferential flow in clay soils has been identified as a mechanism responsible for surface water contamination by SAs.
Sulfonamides in the Environment as Veterinary Drugs
Summary SAs, a structurally related group of antibiotics containing a similar 4-aminobenzene sulfonamide backbone, are used in agriculture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, and also as human medicines. Competing with p-aminobenzoic acid in the enzymatic synthesis of dihydrofolic acid, SAs inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Once released to the environment, SAs distribute themselves among different environmental compartments, along with their degradation products, and are transported to surface water and groundwater. The physicochemical properties, the dosage applied and the nature of the environmental components with which they interact, govern the whole process. SAs, as a class, are less sorptive, impersistent, and leachable. They cannot be characterized as readily biodegradable. Their adsorption to soil increases with the aromaticity and electronegativity of functional groups attached to the sulfonyl phenyl amine core. Preferential flow in clay soils has been identified as a mechanism responsible for surface water contamination by SAs.
Sulfonamides in the Environment as Veterinary Drugs
Sukul, Premasis (author) / Spiteller, Michael (author)
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ; 187 ; 67-101
2006-01-01
35 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
Veterinary Drug , Direct Photolysis , Liquid Manure , Property Reference , Predict Environmental Concentration Environment , Ecotoxicology , Applied Ecology , Environment, general , Industrial Pollution Prevention , Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution
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