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Micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) Study of Clogging in Long-Used Strip and Cylindrical Drip Emitters
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-3003
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-5923
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-2604
Two sets of samples, having four strip-type and four cylindrical-type emitters, were collected from farmlands after eight years of continuous use. In each set, two are head-end and two more are tail-end samples, chosen randomly across the lateral pipes. The undisturbed clogging patterns on the surface of the sample emitters were scanned and analysed using µCT equipment. The two types of emitters have trapezoidal labyrinth flow path, though their length, cross-sectional area, and dent spacing differ. The clogging material deposition pattern on three functional areas—the inlet, labyrinth path and outlets—was analysed. In case of strip emitters, all the three functional areas are affected by clogging. The lone outlet hole in all the strip emitters got blocked by large-sized deposits of clogging material, which may affect the water flow and restrict the delivery of water. In case of cylindrical emitters, the deposition of clogging material is mostly on the outlet areas in a spread-out manner. More number of dents accommodated in a unit length of labyrinth path coupled with narrower width facilitated the desired pressure dissipation in strip emitters. The longer labyrinth of cylindrical emitters with larger sectional area and dent spacing is less prone to clogging. Design of strip emitters incorporating longer but wider labyrinth path and multiple outlets for distributed flow is suggested for reduced clogging material deposition.
Micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) Study of Clogging in Long-Used Strip and Cylindrical Drip Emitters
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-3003
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-5923
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-2604
Two sets of samples, having four strip-type and four cylindrical-type emitters, were collected from farmlands after eight years of continuous use. In each set, two are head-end and two more are tail-end samples, chosen randomly across the lateral pipes. The undisturbed clogging patterns on the surface of the sample emitters were scanned and analysed using µCT equipment. The two types of emitters have trapezoidal labyrinth flow path, though their length, cross-sectional area, and dent spacing differ. The clogging material deposition pattern on three functional areas—the inlet, labyrinth path and outlets—was analysed. In case of strip emitters, all the three functional areas are affected by clogging. The lone outlet hole in all the strip emitters got blocked by large-sized deposits of clogging material, which may affect the water flow and restrict the delivery of water. In case of cylindrical emitters, the deposition of clogging material is mostly on the outlet areas in a spread-out manner. More number of dents accommodated in a unit length of labyrinth path coupled with narrower width facilitated the desired pressure dissipation in strip emitters. The longer labyrinth of cylindrical emitters with larger sectional area and dent spacing is less prone to clogging. Design of strip emitters incorporating longer but wider labyrinth path and multiple outlets for distributed flow is suggested for reduced clogging material deposition.
Micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) Study of Clogging in Long-Used Strip and Cylindrical Drip Emitters
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-3003
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-5923
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-2604
Two sets of samples, having four strip-type and four cylindrical-type emitters, were collected from farmlands after eight years of continuous use. In each set, two are head-end and two more are tail-end samples, chosen randomly across the lateral pipes. The undisturbed clogging patterns on the surface of the sample emitters were scanned and analysed using µCT equipment. The two types of emitters have trapezoidal labyrinth flow path, though their length, cross-sectional area, and dent spacing differ. The clogging material deposition pattern on three functional areas—the inlet, labyrinth path and outlets—was analysed. In case of strip emitters, all the three functional areas are affected by clogging. The lone outlet hole in all the strip emitters got blocked by large-sized deposits of clogging material, which may affect the water flow and restrict the delivery of water. In case of cylindrical emitters, the deposition of clogging material is mostly on the outlet areas in a spread-out manner. More number of dents accommodated in a unit length of labyrinth path coupled with narrower width facilitated the desired pressure dissipation in strip emitters. The longer labyrinth of cylindrical emitters with larger sectional area and dent spacing is less prone to clogging. Design of strip emitters incorporating longer but wider labyrinth path and multiple outlets for distributed flow is suggested for reduced clogging material deposition.
Micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) Study of Clogging in Long-Used Strip and Cylindrical Drip Emitters
J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A
Ramachandrula, Venkata Ramamohan (author) / Kasa, Ramamohan Reddy (author) / Torris, Arun (author)
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A ; 104 ; 167-174
2023-03-01
8 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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