A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
National Boundaries and the Fragmentation of Governance Systems: Amur-Okhotsk Ecosystem from the Legal and Political Perspective
Abstract The Amur-Okhotsk Project (AOP) has recently found that primary production in the Sea of Okhotsk and the neighboring Oyashio region has been dependent on dissolved iron transport from the Amur River. In the Amur River basin, dissolved iron originates mainly from wetlands and forests. Our project has clarified this ecological linkage between the continent and open waters, and proposed a new concept, the “Giant Fish-Breeding Forest” (GFBF)system. The implication is that in order to conserve the marine resources in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Oyashio region, it is also necessary to protect the environment in the Amur River basin, especially wetlands and forests. From the legal and political perspective, this “Giant Fish-Breeding Forest” system has two different kinds of boundaries inside itself; national boundaries (transboundary) and regime boundaries (fragmentation of governance systems). The conservation of this ecosystem has been disrupted as a result of these human-made boundaries. This ecosystem spans borders of China, Russia, Mongolia and Japan, but these countries do not share the same benefits or costs of conserving this system, leading to “free riding.” In addition, some aspects of the environment in this region have already been regulated by international and national laws, but these management regimes have either concluded or have been implemented independently, with some overlap and conflict, and therefore they are inadequate for the conservation of the whole system of the “Giant Fish-Breeding Forest” as a single unit. Discussing the problems resulting from these two human-made boundaries, this paper demonstrates that, in order to manage this ecosystem effectively, it is important to coordinate existing legal systems and policies in an integrated manner and to promote a common understanding among countries in this ecosystem.
National Boundaries and the Fragmentation of Governance Systems: Amur-Okhotsk Ecosystem from the Legal and Political Perspective
Abstract The Amur-Okhotsk Project (AOP) has recently found that primary production in the Sea of Okhotsk and the neighboring Oyashio region has been dependent on dissolved iron transport from the Amur River. In the Amur River basin, dissolved iron originates mainly from wetlands and forests. Our project has clarified this ecological linkage between the continent and open waters, and proposed a new concept, the “Giant Fish-Breeding Forest” (GFBF)system. The implication is that in order to conserve the marine resources in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Oyashio region, it is also necessary to protect the environment in the Amur River basin, especially wetlands and forests. From the legal and political perspective, this “Giant Fish-Breeding Forest” system has two different kinds of boundaries inside itself; national boundaries (transboundary) and regime boundaries (fragmentation of governance systems). The conservation of this ecosystem has been disrupted as a result of these human-made boundaries. This ecosystem spans borders of China, Russia, Mongolia and Japan, but these countries do not share the same benefits or costs of conserving this system, leading to “free riding.” In addition, some aspects of the environment in this region have already been regulated by international and national laws, but these management regimes have either concluded or have been implemented independently, with some overlap and conflict, and therefore they are inadequate for the conservation of the whole system of the “Giant Fish-Breeding Forest” as a single unit. Discussing the problems resulting from these two human-made boundaries, this paper demonstrates that, in order to manage this ecosystem effectively, it is important to coordinate existing legal systems and policies in an integrated manner and to promote a common understanding among countries in this ecosystem.
National Boundaries and the Fragmentation of Governance Systems: Amur-Okhotsk Ecosystem from the Legal and Political Perspective
Hanamatsu, Yasunori (author)
2012
2012-01-01
21 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
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