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Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Delhi Stretch of River Yamuna, India: Impact of Wastewater Discharge
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5490-8813
The impact of the discharge of the wastewater drains on to the sediments of the river Yamuna was studied. For this, eight important river sites in the Delhi stretch were identified and sediments samples were collected from these sites in the pre & post-monsoon seasons. The sediments samples were analysed and compared for their organic matter, Porosity, Water Holding Capacity, Bulk Density and heavy metals concentration. Different pollution indices were used to classify the sites based on the levels of heavy metals observed in the sediments during both seasons. The obtained Contamination Factor values suggest low sediments contamination at the entry point of Yamuna river into Delhi and it follows the order of Zn > Cr > Co > Mn > Fe > Ni > Cu > Pb. This order modifies to Pb > Cr > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Mn > Fe for the sediments samples collected at the 29 km downstream from the reference point. The obtained values of the Pollution Load Index (PLI), Contamination Index and Enrichment Factor indicate that the sediments samples collected from the Yamuna river bed at the entry point of the river into Delhi have moderate degree of contamination. The level of contamination further increases in the Delhi stretch suggesting the impact of discharge of wastewater into Yamuna during the pre-monsoon season. However, PLI values suggest minimal level of pollution at all sediments collection sites during the post-monsoon season. Similarly, the bulk density of the sediments increased and water holding capacity, porosity and organic matter contents of the sediments decreased during post monsoon season indicating flushing of the Yamuna bed during the monsoon floods when the river velocity is high and a lot of turbulence and churning takes place.
Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Delhi Stretch of River Yamuna, India: Impact of Wastewater Discharge
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5490-8813
The impact of the discharge of the wastewater drains on to the sediments of the river Yamuna was studied. For this, eight important river sites in the Delhi stretch were identified and sediments samples were collected from these sites in the pre & post-monsoon seasons. The sediments samples were analysed and compared for their organic matter, Porosity, Water Holding Capacity, Bulk Density and heavy metals concentration. Different pollution indices were used to classify the sites based on the levels of heavy metals observed in the sediments during both seasons. The obtained Contamination Factor values suggest low sediments contamination at the entry point of Yamuna river into Delhi and it follows the order of Zn > Cr > Co > Mn > Fe > Ni > Cu > Pb. This order modifies to Pb > Cr > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Mn > Fe for the sediments samples collected at the 29 km downstream from the reference point. The obtained values of the Pollution Load Index (PLI), Contamination Index and Enrichment Factor indicate that the sediments samples collected from the Yamuna river bed at the entry point of the river into Delhi have moderate degree of contamination. The level of contamination further increases in the Delhi stretch suggesting the impact of discharge of wastewater into Yamuna during the pre-monsoon season. However, PLI values suggest minimal level of pollution at all sediments collection sites during the post-monsoon season. Similarly, the bulk density of the sediments increased and water holding capacity, porosity and organic matter contents of the sediments decreased during post monsoon season indicating flushing of the Yamuna bed during the monsoon floods when the river velocity is high and a lot of turbulence and churning takes place.
Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Delhi Stretch of River Yamuna, India: Impact of Wastewater Discharge
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5490-8813
The impact of the discharge of the wastewater drains on to the sediments of the river Yamuna was studied. For this, eight important river sites in the Delhi stretch were identified and sediments samples were collected from these sites in the pre & post-monsoon seasons. The sediments samples were analysed and compared for their organic matter, Porosity, Water Holding Capacity, Bulk Density and heavy metals concentration. Different pollution indices were used to classify the sites based on the levels of heavy metals observed in the sediments during both seasons. The obtained Contamination Factor values suggest low sediments contamination at the entry point of Yamuna river into Delhi and it follows the order of Zn > Cr > Co > Mn > Fe > Ni > Cu > Pb. This order modifies to Pb > Cr > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Mn > Fe for the sediments samples collected at the 29 km downstream from the reference point. The obtained values of the Pollution Load Index (PLI), Contamination Index and Enrichment Factor indicate that the sediments samples collected from the Yamuna river bed at the entry point of the river into Delhi have moderate degree of contamination. The level of contamination further increases in the Delhi stretch suggesting the impact of discharge of wastewater into Yamuna during the pre-monsoon season. However, PLI values suggest minimal level of pollution at all sediments collection sites during the post-monsoon season. Similarly, the bulk density of the sediments increased and water holding capacity, porosity and organic matter contents of the sediments decreased during post monsoon season indicating flushing of the Yamuna bed during the monsoon floods when the river velocity is high and a lot of turbulence and churning takes place.
Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Delhi Stretch of River Yamuna, India: Impact of Wastewater Discharge
J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A
Sharma, Raman (author) / Saxena, Priyanka (author) / Prakash, Mamta (author) / Goyal, S. K. (author)
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A ; 105 ; 1041-1057
2024-12-01
17 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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