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Improvement of Clayey Subgrade by Using Ferro-Sand
Development of any country is always marked by its effective and efficient communication system. In a country like India, the roads connectivity through its rural section is of paramount significance. But the major drawback is the soil subgrade in these regions. The clayey soil poses a serious pitfall affecting the serviceability and durability of the soil subgrade. This study focuses majorly on the improvement of clayey subgrade by addition of ferro-sand, a by-product obtained from the extraction of copper. The ferro-sand is a waste product which is generated in huge amount. For every million tonnes of copper extracted, there are more than 2.2 million tonnes of ferro-sand generated. The utilization of this industrial waste for the stabilization of clayey subgrade is the objective of the paper. Standard Proctor’s test, unconfined compressive strength test, direct shear test and California bearing ratio (CBR) test are performed on the virgin soil and the soil blended with ferro-sand. The ferro-sand is replaced in 10, 20, 30, 40% proportions by weight from the virgin soil. The standard Proctor’s test emanates that the significant decrease of 38.22% in optimum moisture content (OMC) and an increase of 27.89% in maximum dry density (MDD) of the soil mix from the virgin soil. The virgin soil and the soil blends were examined for the unconfined compressive strength test and improvement of 193.16% is observed. Such improvement in strength was further improved by curing the soil mix for periods of 7, 14, 28 days. The direct shear test result shows that the cohesion of soil mix increases significantly from 26.87 to 51.68 kPa. Then these proportions of the soil blend are tested for both unsoaked and soaked CBR tests. The results show an increment of 4% in the unsoaked CBR value and 3.42% in the soaked CBR value. This significant improvement clearly shows that ferro-sand is adaptably suitable for the stabilization of the clayey subgrade. Also, its properties resembling that of sand proposes its utilization as a replacement material for natural sand.
Improvement of Clayey Subgrade by Using Ferro-Sand
Development of any country is always marked by its effective and efficient communication system. In a country like India, the roads connectivity through its rural section is of paramount significance. But the major drawback is the soil subgrade in these regions. The clayey soil poses a serious pitfall affecting the serviceability and durability of the soil subgrade. This study focuses majorly on the improvement of clayey subgrade by addition of ferro-sand, a by-product obtained from the extraction of copper. The ferro-sand is a waste product which is generated in huge amount. For every million tonnes of copper extracted, there are more than 2.2 million tonnes of ferro-sand generated. The utilization of this industrial waste for the stabilization of clayey subgrade is the objective of the paper. Standard Proctor’s test, unconfined compressive strength test, direct shear test and California bearing ratio (CBR) test are performed on the virgin soil and the soil blended with ferro-sand. The ferro-sand is replaced in 10, 20, 30, 40% proportions by weight from the virgin soil. The standard Proctor’s test emanates that the significant decrease of 38.22% in optimum moisture content (OMC) and an increase of 27.89% in maximum dry density (MDD) of the soil mix from the virgin soil. The virgin soil and the soil blends were examined for the unconfined compressive strength test and improvement of 193.16% is observed. Such improvement in strength was further improved by curing the soil mix for periods of 7, 14, 28 days. The direct shear test result shows that the cohesion of soil mix increases significantly from 26.87 to 51.68 kPa. Then these proportions of the soil blend are tested for both unsoaked and soaked CBR tests. The results show an increment of 4% in the unsoaked CBR value and 3.42% in the soaked CBR value. This significant improvement clearly shows that ferro-sand is adaptably suitable for the stabilization of the clayey subgrade. Also, its properties resembling that of sand proposes its utilization as a replacement material for natural sand.
Improvement of Clayey Subgrade by Using Ferro-Sand
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
Pathak, K. K. (editor) / Bandara, J. M. S. J. (editor) / Agrawal, Ramakant (editor) / Mishra, Ambika Priyadarshini (author) / Sahoo, Rupashree Ragini (author) / Pradhan, Pradip Kumar (author)
2020-09-28
15 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
Ferro-Sand , Clayey soil , Pozzolanic reactions , Standard proctor test , California bearing ratio Engineering , Building Construction and Design , Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences , Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering , Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics , Construction Management , Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry
Improvement of Clayey Subgrade by Using Ferro-Sand
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